As Korea approaches a super-aged society, ‵The Young-Oldʹ women (aged 60–74) have emerged as active consumers, yet research on their specific dietary habits remains scarce. This study investigates their coffee consumption patterns and caffeine awareness to provide baseline data for health promotion, focusing on two research questions: 1) What are the coffee consumption patterns of ‵ The Young-Oldʹ women, and are there differences based on demographic characteristics? and 2) What is the level of caffeine awareness among ‵The Young-Oldʹ women, and are there differences based on demographic characteristics? The results indicate a high consumption rate of 91.4%, reflecting a distinct shift toward brewed coffee driven by taste and social interaction. However, a significant gap exists between active consumption and safety knowledge. Insomnia was identified as the primary side effect, and significant differences in consumption frequency were observed based on age and education. Notably, 72.8% of respondents expressed a critical need for mandatory caffeine content labeling. The study concludes that customized health education and improved labeling policies are urgently required to bridge the gap between awareness and safe practice for this aging demographic.

This study examined impact of agricultural cooperative membership on technical efficiency, income, and costs of coffee farmers in Southern Shan State, Myanmar. Using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and propensity score matching (PSM) methods, this study estimated average treatment effect on the treated of agricultural cooperative participation. Results showed that technical efficiency, total income, and total variable costs were significantly higher for cooperative members than for comparable non-members. However, net income of members is not significantly different from that of comparable non-members.

This study explores the development and characterization of hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries produced from waste coffee grounds, synthesized at both 1000 °C and 1500 °C. Importantly, this work highlights the potential of using biomass-derived hard carbons as sustainable and effective material for anode for sodium-ion batteries, contributing to the advancement of energy storage systems with increasing global demands for environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies. The research focuses on the electrochemical performance of these hard carbons, examining how different carbonization temperatures impact their structural and electrochemical properties. Utilizing advanced analytical methods, the structural changes correlating with temperature increase were identified, including modifications in carbon atom arrangements, which significantly influence the electrochemical behaviors of the hard carbons. Our research specifically focuses on how the structural differences affect the division of capacity contribution from sloping region (above 0.1 V) and plateau regions (below 0.1 V). Electrochemical test results revealed that hard carbon with higher degree of order and reduced microstructural defects, demonstrated improved capacity values. At the same time, the highly ordered hard carbon exhibits drastic capacity loss upon increasing of current densities. The results from this study not only advance our understanding of hard carbons but also open pathways for the future exploration of hard carbons for additional improvements.

Coffee is a major traded item worldwide. Uganda, where the coffee sector provides a livelihood to 1.8 million households, is Africa’s second-biggest coffee exporter. Pests and diseases are significant constraints affecting coffee production. Although the Ugandan government has implemented strategies to assist farmers in addressing these constraints, coffee pests and diseases continue to affect the yield and quality of coffee crops. This ongoing issue highlights the need for more effective and sustainable solutions to protect coffee production in Uganda. This review examined two prevalent diseases and two major pests known to significantly impact Uganda’s coffee systems. It explored strategies that pathogens and pests would utilize to invade and colonize coffee plants. Furthermore, this review evaluated current challenges and prospects for improving coffee pest and disease management. By offering valuable insights and recommendations, it aims to equip agricultural stakeholders with the knowledge needed to develop and implement more effective strategies for combating these persistent threats to coffee production in Uganda.

본 연구는 SCGPA(Spent Coffee Grounds Pellet Ash)를 활용하여 다양한 혼합비율로 시멘트 복합체를 제작함으로써 SCGPA 의 신규 건설 재료로서의 적용 가능성을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 강도 시험 결과, 28일 압축강도 36.31 MPa 및 휨강도 12 MPa 를 나타낸 혼합비가 최적 혼합비로 도출되었으며, SCGPA의 시멘트 치환율이 증가함에 따라 복합체의 전반적인 강도 특성이 감소하는 경향성을 발견하였다. SEM 및 XRD 분석 결과, SCGPA는 최대 10%의 적절한 치환율을 적용할 경우 큰 강도의 저하를 일으키지 않고 시멘트 대체재로 기능할 수 있음이 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 고품질의 굵은 골재를 함께 사용하여 콘크리트를 생산할 경 우, 30 MPa 이상의 압축강도를 가진 구조용 콘크리트도 제조할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

2019년부터 2023년까지 제주도와 전라남도에서 재배되는 바나나(banana, Musa acuminate × balbisiana)와 커피(coffee, Coffea arabica)에 발생하여 피해를 주는 해충을 조사하였다. 바나나에서 발생한 해충은 총 7종이 조사되었다. 차응애(Tetranychus kanzawai)는 대부분의 바나나 과 원에서 발견되었고, 매년 잎에서 고밀도로 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 귤가루깍지벌레(Planococcus citri), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura), 차애모 무늬잎말이나방(Adoxophyes honmai) 순으로 돌발적으로 발생하여 주로 잎을 가해하였다. 과실을 가해하는 해충은 없었으나, 2022년도 제주도에 서 바나나 과실 표면에 흰색 실무늬나 녹슨 색으로 변색되는 피해를 유발하는 고사리그물총채벌레(Helionothrips femoralis)가 처음 발견되었고, 2023년에 전라남도 완도와 해남에 소재한 바나나 농가에서도 이 해충이 발생하는 것이 확인되었다. 커피에 발생한 해충은 총 5종이 조사되었다. 이중 탱자소리진딧물(Toxoptera aurantii), 귤가루깍지벌레, 차애모무늬잎말이나방순으로 매년 다량 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 전라남도 소재 농가 에서는 달팽이종류인 두줄민달팽이(Limax marginatus)가 일부 잎과 과실에 피해를 주기도 하였고, 미국선녀벌레(Metcalfa pruinosa)가 일부 나무 에서 발생하기도 하였다.

The global coffee market has undergone several structural changes with power shifting from the International Coffee Agreement and its member countries to international coffee traders, multinational coffee corporations, and ultimately end-consumers. Despite these changes, the chronic issue of income disparity between coffee-producing and coffee-consuming countries remains entrenched. Although various international organizations and individual companies have initiated diverse sustainability movements, these efforts have shown limitations. In this context, it is essential to identify and analyze successful examples of prioritizing the development of marginalized tribal coffee producers and their community in the process of globalization. It is also essential to generalize factors contributing to their success. This study aimed to analyze the Araku Coffee Project led by the Naandi Foundation in India through lens of the cultural-political economy of the Global Production Networks (GPN). The Naandi Foundation rooted in the philosophy of sustainability has worked to enlighten the indigenous people of the Araku region while cooperating and building trust with smallholder farmers, cooperative, European carbon-fund, and international buyers. During this process, not only a platform of international coffee sales but a regional coffee festival called ‘Gems of Araku’ was initiated while marketing efforts using the name of ‘Araku’ were made. At the same time, organizational strategies of the global production network were put into practice. As a result, coffee production showed both quantitative and qualitative growths, leading to an improvement in the quality of life for the indigenous people.

본 연구는 충북 청주시 소재 C대학교 인근 커피숍의 외부 및 내부사용 접근성 실태를 시설의 접근과 이 동에 있어서 약자로 간주되는 수동 휠체어 사용자 관점에서 평가하여 개선 방안을 제안하고 접근성 실 태를 시각적으로 확인할 수 있도록 돕는 접근성맵 제작하는 것을 목적으로 진행되었다. C대학교 인근 4개 동의 115개 커피숍을 대상으로 2024년 3월부터 5월까지 자체 제작한 체크리스트를 이용하여 현장 조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 바탕으로 각 동별 커피숍 접근성맵을 제작하였다. 주요 결과와 적용점 은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 113개 진입형 및 혼합형 매장 중 수동휠체어 사용자의 자력진입과 내부 자력주행 및 사용이 모두 가능한 매장은 15.0%에 불과한 반면 수동휠체어 사용자의 자력진입이 불가능하거나 자력 내부 주행 및 사용이 불가능한 매장은 75.2%로 나타났다. 둘째, 비진입형 및 혼합형 커피숍 11개소 의 경우 수동휠체어 사용자의 자력 주문 및 대기가 가능한 매장은 단 한 개소도 나타나지 않았으며, 수동 휠체어 사용자의 주문과 대기가 불가능한 경우가 54.5%였다. 셋째, 충족률이 저조한 항목 중 가장 빈번 한 항목은 계산대나 키오스크 등의 무릎공간 확보였다.

This study was conducted to present primary data for the development of functional beverages by measuring quality characteristics and antioxidant properties and preparing coffee with dried fruit powder. The pH, water content, and brownness were higher in the control group than in the fruit-added sample group. Total polyphenols were highest in the Prunus Fruit Coffee (PFC) at 2765.43±87.03 mg GAE/L. In terms of DPPH, the fruit addition group (consisting of dried apple, dried cherry, and dried plum) was higher than the control group, and the LFC was the highest at 70.04±2.01%. ABTS showed high antioxidant properties in all sample groups, and LFC showed the highest content at 83.01±1.06%. Caffeine was the highest in the control group, all sample groups showed lower content than the control group, and AFC showed the lowest content at 664.70±16.36. As a result, the fruit-added coffee groups are higher than the control groups in terms of quality characteristics and antioxidant properties, and it is considered that the fruit groups are suitable as functional food materials when developing coffee products.

커피 섭취 연령이 낮아짐에 따라 중고등학생들의 커피 섭취실태와 커 피에 함유된 카페인 섭취 및 인식도를 조사하여 커피에 대한 올바른 섭취 및 커피에 함유된 카페인 인식 자료를 제공할 필요성이 대두된다. 이 연 구는 중학교 2학년부터 고등학교 3학년까지 남녀학생을 대상으로 하여 2 022년 11월 01일부터 12월 15일까지 45일간 설문지로 조사하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년들은 성별에 따라 남학생이 여학생보다 커피를 처음 마 시기 시작한 시기가 중1 남학생 9%, 중1 여학생 4%로 조금 빠른 것 으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고학년일수록 커피를 많이 마시는 것으로 파악되며 신장과 체중 에 따른 커피 음용 여부는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 커피 선택 및 섭취 행태로는 커피전문점 커피를 선호하였고, 선호하는 커피 종류로는 라떼 종류와 원두커피이었다. 넷째, 카페인에 대한 지식을 잘 알고 있는 학생일수록 카페인 성분 이 건강에 미칠 영향에 대해 적당히 마시면 도움이 되고, 카페인이 기 억력 증진이나 잠을 안 오게 하는 각성 효과가 있어서 공부 혹은 피로 회복에 도움이 된다는 인식이 더 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 다섯째, 연구 대상 청소년들의 약 18% 정도가 커피 카페인으로 인 한 의존 현상 및 부작용을 경험한 바가 있는 것으로 파악되었으며, 부 작용 경험으로는 위장장애가 가장 많았고 다음이 두통, 불면증, 손발 떨 림 순으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 청소년들은 커피를 일상에서 어른들과 똑같이 즐기고 있고, 커피의 긍정적인 면과 부정적인 면에 다 같이 노출되어 있는 것 으로 파악되었으며, 커피 카페인에 대한 사전 지식을 가진 청소년이 커 피 음용을 합리적으로 대처하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 기호식품인 커 피를 통해 학업에 도움을 주고, 커피 및 카페인의 부작용으로부터 건강 을 지켜나갈 수 있도록 청소년들에게 커피 및 카페인에 대한 올바른 지 식을 학교와 가정에서 제공하여 주는 것이 필요하다고 보인다.

ESG 경영이 제조업이나 유통업, 서비스업 등 다양한 산업에서 중요해짐에도 불구하고, 커 피전문점과 같은 서비스 산업에서의 ESG 경영에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 다양한 서비스 산업 중에서 소비자의 인식이 점차 중요해지고 있는 커피전 문점의 ESG 경영이 소비자의 지각된 가치, 브랜드 이미지, 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것에 주된 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구를 위해 ESG와 관련된 기존 문헌을 검토하여 가설을 설정하고, 커피전문점을 방문한 경험이 있는 소비자들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 수립된 자료는 SPSS와 AMOS 프로그램을 통해 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, ESG 경영과 소비자의 지각된 가치 간(정서적, 경제적, 사회적 가치) 관계, 소비자의 지각된 가치(정서적, 경제적, 사회적 가치)와 브랜드 이미지 간 관계, 브랜드 이미지와 브랜드 충성도 간 관계에 대한 모든 가설이 지지되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 ESG 경영이 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향에서 소비자의 지각된 가치와 브랜드 이미지의 역할을 규명함으로써 매커니즘을 제공하고, 제조업이나 유통업에서의 ESG 경영을 커피전문점과 같은 서비스 산업으로 확대하 는 연구를 위한 토대를 마련하는 의의를 제공하고 있다. 또한 긍정적인 브랜드 이미지 및 브 랜드 충성도 제고를 위해ESG 경영활동 관련 계획 수립 및 집행에 대한 타당한 근거를 제공 하고 있다.

This study monitored the caffeine content of ready-to-drink coffee and verified the appropriateness of the labeling. The caffeine content was analyzed using HPLC. The average caffeine content of cold brew coffee was 0.31-1.04 mg/mL, with an average of 0.55 mg/mL. The average content of product was 147.27 mg/bottle, and taking into account the recommended daily intake, an adult can consume 2.7 bottles. Americano coffee was 0.15- 0.38 mg/mL, with an average of 0.28 mg/mL. The average content of product was 110.42 mg/bottle, and considering the recommended daily intake, an adult can consume 3.6 bottles. The caffeine content of decaffeinated cold brew coffee was 5.14 mg/bottle and compared to Americano coffee, more than 95% of the caffeine was removed. In addition, we verified the tolerance level of the total caffeine content in ready-to-drink coffee, and none of them exceeded 120%, signifying that all commercial products were effectively managed.

This study measured coffee’s quality and antioxidant properties by adding sweet sapphire grapes with different extraction conditions to develop materials for a new, healthy, functional coffee menu. As for pH, the control group showed a higher value than the sample group, and ES-SP was the highest at 11.47±0.06oBrix in the soluble solid content. As for organic acids, ES-SP showed the highest values in shikimic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid. In glucose and fructose, ES-SP showed high contents of 19236.80 mg/ml and 24578.21 mg/ml among sample groups. Trigonelin and chlorogenic acid showed the highest values of ES-SP at 1349.44±0.50 mg/mL and 1132.58±0.51 mg/mL. In caffeine, the control group and ES-SP showed high content. In DPPH, all sample groups showed higher values than the control group. The total phenol content was the highest in the control and ES-SP groups. As a result of the above espresso extraction conditions, coffee has high organic acid, free sugar, trigonelin, chlorogenic acid, antioxidant, and total polyphenol content, providing suitable manufacturing method for developing coffee menus using sweet sapphire.

Coffee has become one of the most popular beverages since the 1960s. These days, coffee is more about pleasure, experience, success, lifestyle, high concentration, and social status. Bhumiratana et al. (2014) state that individuals consume coffee with the intention of eliciting positive high-energy emotions, which can help in reducing fatigue, increasing alertness, improving work performance, and promoting a focused mental state, such as feeling motivated, productive, in-control, or clear-minded. Aguirre (2016) and Bhumiratana et al. (2014) also suggest that people drink coffee to stay awake. As coffee has popularized, café has become important as a place for people meetings. However, customers may tend to evaluate coffee as a service product depending on what service encounter they faced. They might perceive the taste and quality of coffee differently by following their mindset and stereotypes about perfect coffee. Customers pay attention to many factors in consuming coffee depending on service encounters. They may pay less for coffee prepared by robots and evaluate coffee prepared by humans as more precious. Therefore, this study proposes a specific factor theoretical framework of customers’ mindset about coffee prepared by human baristas and robot-barista. The study aims to determine how customers evaluate coffee prepared by baristas and robot-barista. Specifically, to which characteristics they pay attention in barista or robot-barista cases. Then, the study examines relationship between expected and perceived coffee characteristics and intentions to revisit café. Finally, the study compares customers' expectations about coffee depending on contact (barista) or untact (robot-barista) service.

Despite being one of the world's largest coffee exporters, Indonesia's coffee output for the international market has recently been dropping. Smallholder coffee growers and their cooperatives faced production challenges due to a lack of market demand knowledge, financial assistance, cultivation and processing equipment, and business practice expertise, according to a case study investigation of these groups. The research then conducted a quantitative survey of 84 international customers from 29 countries and enhanced it by speaking with ambassadors of the Indonesia Trade Promotion Centre in nine different nations. These global players' insights produce helpful information, such as product details, pricing ranges, and quality standards. The results show that for smallholder farmers and cooperatives to fulfil the demands of the global market, relevant commercial actors must assist them. As a result, this study creates a model of the coffee value chain that demonstrates how market demand data motivates cooperatives and smallholder coffee farmers to increase coffee output in a diverse business environment. Marketing might contribute to smallholder farmers' and cooperatives' economic prosperity and well-being by using varied insights from foreign consumers.