This study re-evaluates the breeding history and agronomic stability traits of the garlic cultivar ‘Mansan’, emphasizing its suitability for consistent production in rapidly changing climatic conditions. ‘Mansan’ was developed from an open-pollinated seed of the genetic resource ‘14-2w’, collected in 2000. Line selection occurred from 2002 to 2010, followed by regional adaptability tests conducted in Suwon, Danyang, and Namhae from 2012 to 2014, leading to the final selection of this cultivar. ‘Mansan’ features an open plant type with milky white bulb skin, closely resembling the local cultivar ‘Danyang’. In regional trials, ‘Mansan’ achieved an average yield of 1,092 kg per 10a over three years, which is 5% higher than the control cultivar ‘Danyang’ (1,038 kg per 10a). Additionally, evaluations for resistance to major diseases, insect pests, and physiological disorders revealed that the control exhibited rates of 1.5% for secondary growth and 2.1% for leafy and non-bulbing issues, while no such disorders were noted in ‘Mansan’. This suggests that ‘Mansan’ demonstrates superior physiological stability under variable environmental conditions. In conclusion, ‘Mansan’ is a high-yielding and physiologically stable cultivar with excellent cultivation reliability. It is anticipated to replace existing northern-type garlic cultivars and contribute to increased farm income.

A new barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta L.) cultivar, ‘Da-on’ (line BM3), was developed by the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) through pedigree selection using local germplasm collected from Jeju Island in 2016. After four years of line separation (2017–2020), a yield trial (2022), and regional adaptability tests across three sites (2023–2024), its agronomic performance and forage quality were evaluated. ‘Da-on’ is a mid-maturing cultivar with a heading date of August 5, which is 11 days later than the check cultivar ‘Borajik’. It exhibits an erect growth habit, purple panicles, and strong lodging resistance. The average plant height was 178.8 cm, which was 40.8 cm taller than that of ‘Borajik’. The dry matter yield of ‘Da-on’ was 16,858 kg/ha, representing a 130% increase compared with ‘Borajik’. Forage quality traits showed lower ADF (34.0%) and NDF (63.7%) contents, while total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher (62.0%) than in the check. Crude protein content was comparable between the two cultivars. In addition, ‘Da-on’ showed resistance to lodging and leaf blight during field trials, confirming its stability across diverse environments. These results demonstrate that ‘Da-on’ is a promising summer forage crop cultivar suitable for nationwide cultivation, providing higher productivity and nutritive value to enhance forage self-sufficiency in Korea.

In order to develop a stable production and delicious unique cultivar of beech mushrooms, we generated hybrids using wild resources collected domestically, and we developed excellent strains by identifying the mycelial cultivability of the hybrid strains. The developed strains were cultivated according to the type of spawn and incubation time, and strains with excellent yield and shape were first selected, and second strains with less bitterness and excellent taste were selected through quantitative descriptive analysis. This was verified in farms, and ‘HM6-6’, which had a good reputation in the field, was directly developed cultivars as ‘Maruking’. In addition, the yield was high overall in the 90-day culture of the growth substrate inoculated with solid spawn, and the ‘Maruking’ cultivar, was also best in the 90-day culture. The yield was high overall in the 75-day culture of the liquid spawn, but ‘Maruking’ showed excellent yield when cultured for 70 days.

Oyster mushroom is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed mushrooms in Korea, and mechanization and automation of cultivation systems have enabled mass production. Many cultivars have been developed to replace the old ones such as ‘Suhan‘ and ‘Chunchuneutari 2 ho,‘ which have been cultivated for over 20 years. Among these, ‘Soltari‘ was developed in 2015. Although it has excellent quality, its cultivation is challenging and the productivity is somewhat lower. To address these issues, the Mushroom Division at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science selected the genetic resource KMCC05165 and attempted hybridization between monokaryons from KMCC05165 and ‘Soltari(KMCC04940)’. Through repeated cultivation tests and evaluation of fruiting body characteristics, the superior strain ‘Po-2019-smj22’ was selected and finally named ‘Otari‘. The optimal mycelial growth temperature of ‘Otari’ was between 25 and 30°C and optimal fruiting body growth temperature was between 13 and 18°C. Mycelial growth on PDA medium was best at 25°C, and at the same temperature, mycelial growth was similar across four media: PDA, MEA, MCM, and YM. In 1,100 mL bottle cultivation, the yield was approximately 174 g, which is about 5% higher than the control cultivar ‘Soltari‘, and the number of valid individuals was also higher at about 25. The diameter and height of the pileus were 29.8 mm and 17.6 mm, respectively, slightly smaller than ‘Soltari‘, and the stipe was thin and long with a thickness of 12.2 mm. Additionally, the pileus’ lightness index (L index) was 30.7, indicating a darker brown color compared to 'Soltari.' With excellent mycelial growth, ease of cultivation, and high yield, the new cultivar ‘Otari‘ is expected to be widely adopted by domestic oyster mushroom farms.

A new oak mushroom cultivar ‘K815’ was bred from monokaryotic strains of ‘Jadam-2’ and ‘LE191732-118’. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of ‘K815’ was 25oC, and the temperature for primordia formation and fruiting body development was 15~20oC. The fruiting body morphology is hemispherical and the fruiting form is sporadic. Total cultivation period of the new cultivar, from inoculation to its first harvest, was 133 days, which was 3 days longer than control cultivar ‘Jadam’ (129 days), with 32 days for spawn running, 89 days for browning, 4 days for primordia formation, and 8 days for fruiting body development. In the fruiting body, the thickness and diameter of pileus of the new cultivar were 32.2 mm and 58.3mm, respectively, and the length of stipe was 35.6 mm. Compared to the control cultivar ('Jadam', 'L808'), the pileus of the new cultivar was thicker and smaller and the length of stipe was shorter. The total number of fruiting bodies of ‘K815’ was 58.9, which was higher than the control varieties and total yield of 2 crop cycle of ‘K815’ was 580 g (per 3 kg substrate), which was similar to the control variety.

This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of wheat-flour mixed powders and cooking properties of Sujebi based on the addition of ‘Baromi2’ rice flours for increased expansion of rice consumption. The addition rates at which a roll surface sheet was formed were selected as 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50% based on preliminary experiments with 0-90% addition rates of ‘Baromi2’. Results of physicochemical characterization showed that increasing the addition ratio of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour resulted in increased crude ash and crude fat levels, however crude protein and total starch decreased. The L*-value (lightness) increased with increasing addition ratio of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour; in contrast, a*-value (redness), b*-value (yellowness), and particle size decreased. Results of RVA showed that increasing the addition ratio of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour increased the peak, breakdown, and setback. Regarding textural properties, hardness and chewiness values were significantly reduced with increasing addition ratios of ‘Baromi2’ rice flour. Based on these results, a blending ratio of 20% or less of ‘Baromi2’ is considered suitable for producing Sujebi, and this result serves as basic data for the development of processed rice flour products using ‘Baromi2’.

The effects of punching treatment on mycelial culture and fruiting body productivity were investigated in a new Lentinula edodes cultivar, “Jadam”, in sawdust medium for the stable production of oak mushroom. As the punching volume and number increased, the weight loss rate and color difference increased and the L value decreased. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO2 concentration reached their highest values at 33 and 19 days of incubation, respectively. The O2 concentration showed the lowest value on the 14th day of incubation, which was the opposite pattern to the CO2 concentration. As the punching volume and the number increased, the medium temperature and O2 concentration increased, and the CO2 concentration decreased. Higher punching volumes and numbers resulted in higher temperatures and lower CO2 concentrations. The best fruiting body yield was 5 × 70 mm - 30 (punching diameter × depth - number), and the total yield after three cycles was 644.7 g.

A new spore-less cultivar Lentinula edodes ‘Daedam’ was bred from monokaryotic strains of ‘LE15401-24’ and ‘LE192118-10’. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of ‘Daedam’ on potato dextrose agar was 22~25oC. Total cultivation period of the new cultivar, from inoculation to its first harvest, was 134 days, similar to that of the control cultivar ‘Hwadam’. Total yield of ‘Daedam’ was 222g per 3kg substrate, and was lower than that of control cultivar(266.0g). The fruiting body of ‘Daedam’ had a thick and small pileus and a longer stem compare to control cultivar. As a result of a analyzing the productivity of ‘Daedam’ on the different substrate types, the biological efficiency was 26.7% in the 1.2kg cylindrical substrate(CS), which was higher than that of the 3kg rod-type substrate(RS). 'Daedam' had a similar yield compared to 'Hanacham' in first fruiting body production, but the cultivation period was 40 days shorter. Therefore, 'Daedam' can only harvest fruiting bodies once, it is thought that it can be used as spore-less oak mushroom cultivar for short-term cultivation instead of 'Hanacham' in mushroom farms.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of the biased cultivation of certain mushroom varieties and to develop a competitive variety of Pleurotus nebrodensis. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and overseas varieties since 2015. We bred the domestic variety ‘Boram’. The optimal temperature was 26~29oC for mycelial growth and 15~18oC for fruit body growth temperature. This variety was similar to the control variety (Uram) in terms of the number of cultivation days and yield per bottle. The shape of the new cultivar was round, whereas that of the control group was spatula-like. The yield was 181.1 g/bottle, which was statistically similar to that of the control variety. When incubating the parent and control varieties, the replacement line was clear. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction analysis of mycelial DNA resulted in different band patterns between the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

국내 표고 품종 다양화로 버섯산업 경쟁력을 높이고자 ‘참아람’과 청흥버섯영농조합 보유균주인‘E140025’을 이용하여 교잡육종법을 통해 ‘청흥1호’를 육성하였다. 자실체 특성 결과 대조품종 보다 갓직경은 작고, 대길이는 길고, 대가 굵어 개체중이 무거웠다. 초발이기간은 ‘청흥1호’ 24일, ‘설백향’4일, ‘산조701호’ 8일로 발이까지 대조품종보다 20일정도 늦었다. 자실체 수량은 가장적게 나타났지만, 유효수량은 ‘청흥1호’ 6,498 g ‘설백향’ 4,290 g, ‘산조701호’ 5,022 g으로 가장 높았다. URPPrimer를 이용한 다형성검정을 통해 6개의 Primer에서 모본과 다른 PCR 밴드를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과, 재배기 간이 길지만 개체중과 유효수량이 우수한 무포자 신품종을 육성하였다.

갈색양송이 수집균주를 단포자교배하여 육성한 신품종 ‘진향’의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. ‘진향’의 균사배양, 초발이 소요일수, 자실체 발생소요기간은 대조품종인 ‘다향’ 과 차이없었다. ‘진향’의 갓두께는 ‘다향’ 보다 두꺼웠으며, 갓색은 진했다, ‘진향’자실체 경도와 개체중은 ‘다향’ 보다 다소 높았고, 수량은 14.1 kg/m 2로 ‘다향’의 13.1 kg/ m 2에 비해 8% 증수되어 양송이 재배농가에 보급이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

‘Luckyone 2ho’ is a new orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar developed by the National Institue of Animal Science (NIAS) in 2017. To develope the new variety of orchardgrass, 5 superior clones were selected and polycrossed for seed production. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage productivity of ‘Luckyone 2ho’ were examined at Cheonan from 2012 to 2014, and regional trials were conducted in Cheonan, Pheonchang, Jinju and Jeju from 2015 to 2017, respectively. ‘Luckyone 2ho’ showed medium type growth habit in fall, and medium in length of flag leaf and very long upper internode. Plant height of ‘Luckyone 2ho’ was 3 cm less than that of standard cultivar, ‘Potomac’ and heading date was 1 days later than 5th May compared to standard cultivar, ‘Potomac’. Characteristics such as waterlogging and disease resistance of ‘Luckyone 2ho’ were stronger or better than those of standard cultivar, ‘Potomac’, Especially, dry matter yield of ‘Luckyone 2ho’(15,980 kg/ha) increased 9 % compared to that of standard cultivar, ‘Potomac’(14,702 kg/ha). Nutritive values were appeared to be similar in both varieties except in Vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and crude protein and total digestible nutrients (TDN).

갓과 대의 색택이 백색인 백색느타리 신품종『백선』의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. 균사생장적온은 28~31 o C이고 버섯발생온도는 22 o C, 버섯생육온도 20 o C로 ‘미소’보다 균사생장적온이 높으며 버섯발생 및 생육온도가 유사하며, 발생형은 다발형태를 나타내었다. 병재배시 배양기간은 30일, 초발이 소요일수는 4일, 생육일수는 4일로 총재배 기간은 38일이 소요되었다. 형태적 특성에 있어 갓직경은 32.5 mm, 대직경 9.1 mm, 대길이 91.4 mm로 ‘미소’에 비하여 가늘고 긴 형태를 나타내었으며, 갓색도(L)는 84.2, 대색도(L)은 83.4로 ‘미소’에 비하여 밝은 백색을 나타내었다. 수량은 생산력 검정시 1100 ml병에서 185 g을 나타내었으며, 농가실증재배시 A(평택) 184g/1100 ml, B(여주) 178 g/850 ml으로 대조품종 대비 40%이상 증수 되었다. 대의 물리성은 탄력성, 응집성, 씹음성, 깨짐성이 각각 80%, 57%, 720 g, 57 kg을 나타내었다. DNA다형성을 비 교 분석한 결과 UFPF1, UFPF3, UFPF4의 primer에서 교배모본인 ‘GMPO20410’와 ‘MGL2205’의 DNA의 밴드가 혼합되어 있었으며 품종 간, 균주 간의 밴드 차이가 있 었다. 저장기간에 따른 신선도는 4 o C에서 28일 저온저장 시 8점으로 신선한 상태였으며, 4 o C저장 후 상온보관 시 5점으로 식용 가능한 상태로 대조품종인 ‘미소’ 보다 저온 및 상온보관 시 신선도가 우수하였다.

경기도농업기술원에서는 2016년도에 고온기 생육 및 개화 특성이 우수한 절화용 스프레이 국화 ‘Perky Star’ 품종을 개발 하였다. 2012년도에 화색이 진한 노란색이면서 좁고 긴 설상화를 가진 ‘Sei-vista’ 품종을 모본(♀)으로, 화형이 좋은 ‘Amisa’ 품종을 부본(♂)으로 인공교배를 하였고 2014년부터 2016년까지 억제재배, 촉성재배, 가을재배 작형에서 생육 및 개화특 성을 검정하였다. 2016년 기호도 조사를 통해 최종적으로 GCS12-81-150계통을 선발하여 ‘Perky Star’로 명명하였고 2017 년에 국립종자원에 품종보호출원(제2017-64호)한 후 2018년에 품종보호권이 등록(제7465호)되었다. ‘Perky Star’ 품종은 노란 색 홑꽃형으로 고온에서 화색발현과 생육이 좋았으며 꽃잎이 두꺼워 여름철 수출품종으로 적합하다고 판단되었다. 가을재 배작형, 억제작형, 촉성작형에서 단일처리 후 개화소요일 수는 각각 49, 49, 53일, 절화장은 88.3, 84.2, 103.3cm, 꽃의 직경은 5.1, 4.8, 4.8cm, 줄기당 착화수는 25.0, 21.5, 38.8개로 고온에서 절화장과 착화수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 흰녹병 에 완전한 저항성을 갖지는 못한 품종이며, 자연개화 작형에서 절화수명은 21.3일로 대조품종 20.2일에 비해 조금 길었고, 5점 척도로 기호도를 조사한 결과 4.2점으로 대조품종 4.1과 비슷한 선호도를 보였다.

소립 검정콩의 생산지역 확대를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 중북부지역에서 생산된 소립 검정콩의 품질과 이화학 특성을 검토하였다. 소립 검정콩의 수분, 조회분, 조지방, 조단백질 및 탄수화물 함량은 각각 5.53~6.69, 5.47~6.54, 15.38~19.14, 34.17~40.26 및 32.04~36.85 g/100 g으로 품종 및 파종 시기에 따라 대체적으로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 명도, 적색도 및 황색도는 각각 35.60~38.61, －0.02~0.07 및 －0.56~－0.13으로 나타났고, 수분결합력, 용해도 및 팽윤력은 각각 84.48~148.31, 46.65~54.89 및 29.87~35.12%로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 1차, 2차 및 3차 파종한 시료에서 각각 10.40~15.48, 9.86~14.85 및 8.61~15.39 mg GAE/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 5.81~7.25, 5.81~7.34 및 5.52~7.64 mg CE/g으로 품종에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 4.55~7.86, 3.99~8.79 및 3.74~9.43 mg TE/g, ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 9.32~12.90, 8.64~13.39 및 8.51~14.35 mg TE/g으로 품종에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 파종시기에 따라 다원콩, 소청 품종의 페놀 성분은 파종시기가 늦어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 소청, 쥐눈이 품종의 radical 소거활성은 유의적으로 감소하였고, 소청2호와 소청자 품종은 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 연구에서 품종 및 파종시기에 따라 페놀 성분 함량과 radical 소거활성이 달라지므로 재배지역의 환경을 고려하여 알맞은 품종과 적정 파종시기에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다

2017년 국내 육성 사과 ‘아리수’ 품종에서 노린재류에 의한 피해와 유사한 반점 증상이 확인되었다. 사과 과실 전면에 발생하는 이 반점 증상은 크기가 2∼4 mm이며 진한 갈색, 짙은 고동색으로 반점 중심부가 약간 함몰되는 형태를 가진다. 이 연구는 이러한 반점증상의 원인이 노린재에 의한 피해인지 여부를 알기 위해 수행하였다. 노린재류는 접종 전 채집하였고, 6월 초순부터 ‘아리수’ 사과에 약 15일 간격으로 썩덩나무노린재와 갈색날개노린재를 각각 접종하였다. ‘아리수’ 사과의 수확기인 9월 초순까지 총 5회(6월 상순, 7월 상순, 7월 중순, 8월 상순, 8월 중순) 접종하였으며, 접종후 접종시기별로 피해 양상을 확인하였다. 6월 상순에 노린재에 의해 가해 받은 과실은 비대하지 못하거나 낙과하였다. 다른 시기에 노린재에 의해 가해 받은 접종 1~2일후 흡즙구멍을 확인할 수 있었고, 5일 후부터는 가해 받은 부위 주변이 붉게 착색되는 halo 증상이 나타났다. 노린재류에 의한 ‘아리수’ 사과의 피해양상은, 기 보고된 ‘후지’ 품종에서의 피해양상과 거의 유사하였다. 실험결과 2017년 ‘아리수’ 사과에 발생한 반점증상은 노린재에 의한 것이 아님을 확인할 수 있었다.

발이가 안정적이고 다수성인 잎새버섯 신품종 『대박』의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. ‘대박’은 균사생장적온은 25℃로 ‘참’(대조품종)과 같았으며, 병재배 시 재배일수는 57일로 ‘참’에 비하여 2일이 짧았다. 발이율은 98.4%로 ‘참’에 비하여 24.8%p 높았으며, CV(변이계수)는 0.6%으로 ‘참’에 비하여 5.3%p 적었다. 갓색은 Hunter 색채값의 L값은 55.3으로 ‘참’에 비하여 3.6이 적어 갓색이 더 짙었으며, 갓두께는 1.73 mm으로 ‘참’에 비하여 0.53 mm 적었다. 자실체 직경은 132 mm로 ‘참’에 비하여 11 mm가 컸으며, 높이는 87.2 mm으로 ‘참’에 비하여 2.8 mm가 높았다. 1,100 ml 병당 자실체중량은 139 g으로 ‘참’에 비하여 28% 많았으며, CV는 2.5%로 ‘참’에 비하여 6.2%p가 적었다. 버섯재배농가의 일반적 1일 입병수 10,000병 기준으로 볼 때, 수량은 1,376 kg으로 ‘참’에 비하여 70% 높았으며, CV는 3.0%로 '참'에 비하여 11.5%p가 적었다. 물리성(강도 및 깨짐성)은 ‘참’에 비하여 낮았으며, 저장성은 판매가능기간으로 볼 때 4℃ 저장에서 42일로 ‘참’ 에 비하여 6일이 길었다.