Austenitic oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) stainless steel was fabricated using a wet mixing process without a mechanical milling in order to reduce contaminations of impurities during their fabrication process. Solution of yttrium nitrate was dried after a wet mixing with 316L stainless steel powder. Carbon and oxygen contents were effectively reduced by this wet processing. Microstructural analysis showed that coarse yttrium silicates of about 150 nm were formed in austenitic ODS steels with a silicon content of about 0.8 wt%. Wet-processed austenitic ODS steel without silicon showed higher yield strength by the presence of finer oxide of about 20 nm.

In an effort to evaluate the currents in pesticide residues, 3,020 agricultural products were tested by multiresidue method with 260 pesticides, obtained from the circulation market of in the Gangbuk province in 2007.20.4%(616/3020) of the products were determined to contain pesticides residues, but only 4.1%(124/3020) of these were deemed to be unsuitable by the korea Food Code. Unsuitably products were spinach(21.0%), perilla leaf(17.3%), ulgari(13.6%), leek(12.4%), crowndaisy(12.4%), asterscaber(12.4%), chard(11.1%). Detected pesticides were procymidone(3.9%), endosulfan(2.6%), chlorfenapyr(2.2%), bifenthrin (1.3%), cypermethrin(0.7%), metalaxyl( 0.9%), azoxystrobin(0.3%) and chlorothalonil(0.7%). Sixty-four pesticides were detected and 11 pesticides were newly detected in 2007. Thirty-one pesticides in agricultural products exceeded their MRLs.

Biological Characteristics of Lycorma delicatula and insecticidal activity of some insecticides against nymphs of L. delicatula was investigated. Nymph of L. delicatula had 4 instars, and color of body was black. There were white spots on the body of 1st-3rd nymph. Upper body became red at 4th nymph. Adult forewings were brownish, and had black spots. Color of hind wing were red. The egg mass was covered with a yellowish brown secretion. The adult of L. delicatula emerged once a year. Among test insecticides, deltamethrin 1% EC and fenitrothion 50% EC showed very quick and strong insecticidal activity against the 2nd-3rd nymphs of L. delicatula. Imidacloprid 4% SL and clothianidin 8% SC showed 100% insecticidal activity at 24h after treatment. Thiacoprid 10% SC revealed the weakest insecticidal activity among the insecticides tested.

역학적 경험적 포장 설계법을 도입하려는 현재의 연구추세에 발 맞추어 정확한 응력, 변형률, 변형을 기초로 포장구조체를 해석하기 위한 역학적 접근방법이 필요한 시점이다. 기존의 실험결과에 따르면 연성포장 구조의 기층에 이용되는 자갈과 노상층에 이용되는 노상토등의 포장 하부재료는 반복하중 조건하에서 비선형 회복탄성계수의 특징을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 이 비선형 거동은 재료의 현재 응력에 의한 회복탄성계수 모델로 나타나질 수 있으며 정확한 해를 구할 수 있는 역학적 방법중의 하나인 유한요소 해석 방법에 적용되어 질 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 비선형 해석기법과 효과적인 해 수렴기법이 구현된 재료 모델 부 프로그램을 범용 유한요소 프로그램의 하나인 아바쿠스에 적용시켰다. 이 수치해석 방법에는 더 정확한 해를 찾기 위한 체눈분할에 의해 만들어진 유한요소 모델이 이용되었다. 이런 일련의 방법들에 의한 포장구조체의 해석결과, 2차원과 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석의 결과가 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 사용된 부 프로그램은 미연방 항공국 공항 시험포장에서 측정되어진 결과 값에 의해 비교 검증되었다.

To compare and evaluate the suitability and comfort levels of the environment on board a stern trawl training ship, KAYA(GT: 1737 tons, Pukyong National University), with the international standardization guide ISO 6954:2000(E), measurements of the hull vibration on accommodation areas and working areas of the training ship from July 8 to July 10, 2008 were completed upon KAYA's linear sea route. The vibrations along the z-axis were measured with the use of a 3-axis vibration level meter, which included a marine vibration card. Results show accelerations of the vibrations on the passenger's accommodation area to be 42.0-115.8(average: 78.0, standard deviation(SD): 21.0) mm/s2, which is largely below the permissible upper limit, but 75 % of the observation points exceeded the permissible lower limit of 71.5 mm/s2, indicating a comfortable environment. The accelerations of the vibration in a frequency of 10-24Hz lowering the visual performance were measured at 2.5-12.0(average: 7.6, SD: 3.1) mm/s2. The crew s accommodation area experienced vibration accelerations of 42.9-82.3(average: 93.1, SD: 53.1) mm/s2, which is generally below the permissible upper limit of 214.0 mm/s2, and 62.5% of the observation points did not exceed the permissible lower limit of 107.0 mm/s2, denoting a level of comfort. The acceleration of the vibration in a frequency of 10-24Hz were 4.7-28.3(average: 12.4, SD: 8.8) mm/s2. On the crew s working area the accelerations were measured at 86.9-153.9(average 119.3, SD 18.0) mm/s2. These values were generally below the permissible upper limit of 286.0 mm/s2 and only 12.5% of the observation points did not exceed the permissible lower limit of 143.0 mm/s2, the level at which a high level of comfort is maintained. The accelerations in frequency of 10-24Hz and 30Hz were 9.1-29.8 (average 13.8, SD= 4.5) mm/s2 and 8.9-13.7 (average 11.8, SD 2.1) mm/s2, respectively. In conclusion the boarding environment of the training ship was good in general although an improvement of the vibration condition partially needed on the crew s accommodation area near the engine room.

In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with Ecklonia cava on blood glucose, lipid metabolism, and renal oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal rat group fed on a control diet and diabetic rats fed on a control diet or supplemented with powder (15% w/w) or water extract of Ecklonia cava (2.5% w/w). Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed ad libitum with the experimental diet and water for 5 weeks. Dietary supplementation of Ecklonia cava powder and water extract was shown to reduce blood glucose levels in the diabetic rats, and the water extract was more effective than the powder. Dietary supplementation with Ecklonia cava also reduced LDL cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol levels in the diabetic rats. Renal glutathione S-transferase activity was increased in the diabetic rats as compared to the normal rats, but reverted to near control values as the result of dietary supplementation with Ecklonia cava. These results show that Eklonia cava exerts an anti-diabetic effect by improving blood glucose concentrations, LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and antioxidative effects on the kidney in diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum amount of four ingredients (spirulina, sugar, lemon and orange) for the preparation of spirulina madeleine using response surface methodology. Spirulina was added at a level of 3.5-6.0 g, sugar powder, at 40-60 g, while lemon and orange peel were included at a level of 0-8 g. The optimum mixing rates of spirulina powder, sugar powder, lemon and orange were 3.5, 40, 0, and 8 g for overall quality and 3.52, 54.42, 0, and 8 g for maximum score of overall organoleptic quality, respectively.

In this paper, experimental studies of the regrinding of tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tools for high-speed machining were conducted. Regrinding and a subsequent evaluation test were carried out for a flat endmill tool with diameters of 10 mm and 3 mm using a CNC five-axis tool grinder and a CNC three-axis machining center. Tool wear on the two types of endmill tools increased as the cutting length increased, and the tool wear was not influenced by the regrinding state. In case of the micro endmill with a tool diameter of 3 mm, the effective regrinding time was determined for a flank wear threshold of 0.3 mm considering the tool life according to cutting length. The tool lives of the 10 mm and 3 mm endmill tools were increased by 80% and 72%, respectively. This conclusion proves the Feasibility of the recycling of tungsten carbide materials in the high-speed machining of high-hardened materials for industrial applications.

현재 진행되고 있는 대부분의 로봇 연구는 특정한 목적을 수행함에 있어서 기능적으로 안정적이고 원활한 움직임을 보이는 것과 더불어 사용자가 원하는 정보를 적절하게 전달하는 것에 초점을 맞춰 진행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 로봇의 작업수행 상태가 아닌 외부로부터 입력 값이 없는 대기상태의 행동패턴을 제시하여 보다 자연스러운 인간-로봇 상호작용을 제시하고자 하였다. 로봇의 대기상태 행동패턴을 디자인함에 있어서 비디오 판독 방법을 선택하였고, 실제 서비스업에 종사하는 10명의 사람들을 비디오로 녹화하여 사람들과 상호작용이 없는 대기상태의 반복적인 행동패턴을 관찰하였다. 각각의 비디오 데이터로부터 총 21개의 반복적 행동을 기록하였고, 비슷한 항목들을 통합하여 최종적으로 11개의 행동패턴을 추출하였다. 추출된 패턴들 가운데 6개의 대표적인 행동들을 EEEX라는 로봇에 적합하도록 인코딩 작업을 하였고, 이것들이 사람들에게 올바르게 인식되는지를 확인하기 위하여 검증실험을 수행하였다. 사람들은 대부분의 로봇 행동패턴을 실험에서 의도한 바와 같이 인식하였으나 로봇의 하드웨어 특성상 몸과 팔의 움직임에서 약간의 혼동 요소가 있었다. 추후 실험을 통해 EEEX를 대형 마트의 입구에 실제로 배치하여 대기 중에 중립행동을 보일 때와 보이지 않을 때의 손님의 관심도 차이를 조사해보고자 한다.

Considering the great potential of iron chelators at inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, in order to determine the molecular and biological basis for the effects of iron chelator in oral cancer, we investigated the effects of iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO), on the gene profiling analysis of immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK), and oral cancer cells (HN12), using the cDNA microarray. We identified 46 clones cDNA exhibiting more than 2 fold overexpression in DFO treated IHOK and HN12 cells, and 94 cDNA reveal more than 2 fold down-regulated expression. Examination of gene expression that differs between DFO treated vs. control IHOK and HN12 cells apprear to be related to : cell cycle regulator, cell growth and apoptosis, signal transduction and stress. p21 for cell cell cycle factor was upregualted, and cyclin-cdk gene was decreased expression, so we observed cell cycle arrest in DFO treated IHOK and HN12 cells. In tumor growth, we have identified downregulation of hemidesmosomal protein (bullous pemphigoid antigen 1) and epiregulin expression in DFO treated IHOK and oral cancer cells. Signal transducers including mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 5, serine/thereonine kinase 6 were downregulated with DFO treated cells, suggesting the DFO regulates the p38 MAP kianse pathway in immortalized and maignant oral keratincytes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the high-throughput utility of cDNA array hybridization in parallel to the gene expression analysis to identify genes that are expressed differentially in DFO treated with immortalized and malignant oral keratinocytes. The differentially expressed genes identified here should be informative in DFO-induced anti-cancer effects.

TiAlN films were deposited on WC-5Co substrates with different buffer layers by D.C. magnetron sputtering. The films were evaluated by microstructural observations and measuring of preferred orientation, hardness value, and adhesion force. As a process variable, various buffer layers were used such as TiAlN single layer, TiAlN/TiAl, TiAlN/TiN and TiAlN/CrN. TiAlN coating layer showed columnar structures which grew up at a right angle to the substrates. The thickness of the TiAlN coating layer was about 1.8μm, which was formed for 200 minutes at 300˚. XRD analysis showed that the preferred orientation of TiAlN layer with TiN buffer layer was (111) and (200), and the specimens of TiAlN/TiAl, TiAlN/CrN, TiAlN single layer have preferred orientation of (111), respectively. TiAlN single layer and TiAlN/TiAl showed good adhesion properties, showing an over 80N adhesion force, while TiAlN/TiN film showed approximately 13N and the TiAlN/CrN was the worst case, in which the layer was destroyed because of high internal residual stress. The value of micro vickers hardness of the TiAlN single layer, TiAlN/TiAl and TiAlN/TiN layers were 2711, 2548 and 2461 Hv, respectively.

To satisfy the demand of higher cutting performance, mechanical properties with tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tool materials were investigated. Hardness and transverse rupture strength with WC grain size, Co content and density were measured. Compared to H, K, and S manufacture maker as tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tool materials were used for high-speed machining of end-milling operation. The three tungsten carbide (WC-Co) tool materials were evaluated by cutting of STD 11 cold-worked die steel (HRC25) under high-speed cutting condition. Also, tool life was obtained from measuring flank wear by CCD wear measuring system. Tool dynamometer was used to measure cutting force. The cutting force and tool wear are discussed along with tool material characteristics. Consequently, the end-mill of K, H manufacture maker showed higher wear-resistance due to its higher hardness, while the S maker endmill tool showed better performance for high metal removal.

Anti-microbiological effects of xanthorrhizol, ie., extract from curcuma xanthorrhiza and extract from houttuynia cordata Thunb. against influenza virus and E. coli O157 were tested. From the influenza experiments, the effects were shown above 93 % in case of houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract, however, the effects was not shown in case of xanthorrhizol. The effects were sustained in mixtures of houttuynia cordata Thunb. and curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts. We also tested the anti-microbiological effects of hand sanitizer containing houttuynia cordata Thunb. and xanthorrhizol. The effect of hand sanitizer containing 2,000 ppm of xanthorrhizol and 500 ppm of houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract was better than that of commercialized foreign product.