Body position is known to have an effect on vital capacity(VC). The purpose of this study was to examine effect on VC of posture, sex and smoking, and the difference between predicted and measured values of VC. VC was measured in the standing and the head-down position in 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) in a random order of testing. When subjects changed from standing to head-down position, this VC decreased by 19.9%. In both positions, VC changes in men were significantly larger than in women. No statistically significant difference was found in men who smoked. There was no difference between the predicted and measured values in men. But measured values were larger than predicted values in women. Because VC can decrease by 19.9% in the head-down position due to the effect of gravity, attention should be paid especially to patients who are placed in the head-down position for postural drainage since they already have a decreased VC.

Vibrio vulnificus, a normal inhabitant in estuaries, is of great concern because it is a potent human pathogen causing septicemia, wound infection and gastrointestinal disease in susceptible hosts. To elucidate the distribution and environmental factors of V. vulnificus in Kum river, sampling was undertaken in five station from March, 26, 1993 to February, 22, 1994. Samples of 54 and 49 were collected from seawater and bottom deposit. The total detection rate of V. vulnificus was 11.7%. The detection rates of V. vulniftcus in the seawater and the bottom deposit were 9.3% and 14.3% respectively. V. vulnificus was mainly detected in estuary water when temperature was above 23℃ and salinity was below 15‰. We suppose that water temperature, salinity, pH and COD affect growth of V. vulnificus.

This study was done to evaluate the effects of grape variety, pH and sugar contents on textural and sensory properties of grape pectin jelly. As a gelling agent, pectin 1% was selected due to highest sensory scores in preparatory experiments and also nutritional and economical reasons. To get the proximate composition of grape extract, moisture, pH, reducing sugar, and total titratable acidity was measured. Grape pectin jellies, made by 12 different recipies, were tested by sensory and instrumental evaluatoin. The results were as follows; 1) Hardness and chewiness were lowered in grape jelly which has lower pH and lower sugar contents. 2) People preferred grape jelly which has lower hardness, brittleness and sweetness, and higher sourness. 3) Comparing overall quality, Recipe C1 in Jelly 1 and recipe B1 in Jelly 2 were chosen as best. 4) Sensory hardness showed positive correlation with instrumental hardness, brittleness and chewiness.

천연 식품재료를 대상으로 superoxide dismutase 활성 측정법을 이용 superoxide radical 소거능에 대하여 검색하였다. 총 47종의 시료중 냉이 buffer 추출물이 11.6 unit/㎎ solid의 비교적 높은 활성을 나타내었으므로 이후 실험이 대상시료로 선정하였다. 냉이의 최적 추출용매를 선정하기 위하여 각종 용매로 추출한 후 수소공여능 및 linoleic acid에 대한 과산화지질 형성 억제능을 조사한 결과 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 냉이 에탄올 추출물은 50℃에서의 대두유 자동산화에 대해 항산화 활성을 나타내었으며, 에탄올 추출물 0.2% 첨가시 대조구에 비해 유도기간이 약 2배 증가하는 효과를 나타내었다.

This study was carried out to estimate the daily intake of lead and the relationship among dietary intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium in 30 healthy adults living in rural area of Korea(12 males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling. The results were as follows : The mean daily intake of energy was 2, 176.3㎉ and l, 613.9㎉ in males and females of 20∼49years, and l, 914.8㎉ and l, 517.9㎉ in males and females of 50∼59years, respectively. The ratio of carbohydrate: fat: protein was 73.4:13.6:13.0 in males and 76.4:10.3:13.3 in females. The mean daily intake of lead was 277.2㎍ in males and 192.0㎍ in females. The mean daily intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium were 491.1㎎, 8.9㎎/㎗, and 80.7㎎ in males and 426.7㎎, 8.8㎎/㎗, and 80.3㎎ in females, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the daily lead intake and the dietary intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium. It was concluded that the daily lead intake was lower than the acceptable daily lead intake of FAO/WHO but a little higher than that of other investigations. And the daily lead intake was not level that relate to calcium status seriously.

Deer horn has been used in oriental medicine and folk remedy. It has had much effects on `health and tonic efficacy`. But this word, `health and tonic efficacy`, is very obscure in modern sense. This report attempts to investigate their scientific and objective effects among many papers. The biochemical components of antler are composed of pentoses, hexoses, acid mucopolys-accharides, free and ester fatty acids, glycolipids, phospholipids, prostaglandins, sterols, protein and peptides, free amino acids, minerals, hormones etc. Deer horn extract especially increases body weight gain and feed efficiency, and it stimulates the ability of spermatogenesis of animal. However, a few papers have reported concerning the toxicity and side effects of antler.

A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY-366was found to produce a strong sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme Using this strain, the optimal culture conditions for the production of invertase were investigated. The results are as follows : 1. For enzyme production, optimal temperature, initial pH and critical concentrations of sucrose and raffinose were 30℃, 5.0 and 3.0%, respectively. 2. Enzyme production was reached maxium by organic nitrogen source, 0.3% yeast extract plus 0.5% bactopeptone. 3. It was appeared the presence of 0.1M Mn^2+ and Fe^2+ ion was essential factors, on the other hand, 0.1M Ag^+ and Hg^2+ ion almost block in yeast growth and enzyme production. 4. Invertase productivity was reached maxium within 3days on stationary culture with medium-composed of sucrose 3%, bactopeptone 0.5%, yeast extract 0.3%, K_2HPO_4 0.1%, MgSO4·7H_2O 0.05%.

This investigation revealed not only the women`s actual condition of dietary habits, but also the factors related to the formation of them. The subjects were 400 women at Seoul area. The results were as follows : 1. It was observed that their home descipline, the school education and consciousness were all related to the formation and their dietary habits, and that the practice and experience of preparing meals were most important in order to cultivate their good dietary habits. 2. Actual condition of dietary habits were generally not satisfactory.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the changes in quality of pork organs such as the meat of large intestine, small intestine and liver during frozen storage at -18±1℃. The result obtained were as follows ; 1. The moisture contents in the meat of large intestine, small intestine and liver was 61.1%, 65.1% and 71.3% and the content of crude fat was 27.1%, 21.5% and 5.0% respectively. 2. Weight loss increased in the course of storage period, and liver showed the least weight loss in them. 3. Total lipid in the meat of large intestine, small intestine and liver was 24.4%, 19.2% and 4.3% respectively, and which decreased gradually in the course of storage period. 4. The content of volatile basic nitrogen in raw meat was 20㎎% within and without before storage treatment, and that of the value was 24.2㎎% within after 3 weeks storage.

대구(大邱)를 중심(中心)으로 한 5개(個) 지역(地域)에 재식(裁植)되어 있는 23과(科) 28속(屬) 32종(種)의 관상식물(觀賞植物)에 대(對)하여 진균(眞菌)에 이병(罹病)된 식물(植物)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) Uncinula 속균(屬菌) 등(等) 21속(屬)의 병원진균(病原眞菌)에 의(依)하여 26속(屬) 30(種)의 식물(植物)에서 45종(種)의 병(病)이 발생(發生)하고 있었다. 이들 중(中) 우리나라에서 이제까지 보고(報告)되지 않은 미기록병해(未記錄病害)는 Uncinula속균(屬菌), Phyllosticta속균(屬菌), Discosia속균(屬菌), Macrophoma속균(屬菌), Colletotrichum속균(屬菌), Pestalotia속균(屬菌), Phomopsis속균(屬菌), Gloeosporium속균(屬菌), Alternaria속균(屬菌), Fusicoccum속균(屬菌) 및 Sphaceloma속균(屬菌) 등(等)에 의(依)하여 15속(屬) 16종(種)의 식물(植物)에 22종(種)의 병(病)이 발생(發生)하고 있었다.

관상식물(觀賞植物)에 병해조사(病害調査) 일환(一環)으로 대구(大邱)와 근교(近郊)의 온실(溫室) 등(等)에 재식(栽植)되어 있는 19과(科) 34속(屬) 34종(種)의 식물(植物)에 대(對)하여 진균(眞菌)에 이병(罹病)된 식물(植物)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), Glomerella 속균(屬菌) 등(等) 16속(屬) 병원진균(病原眞菌)에 의(依)하여 32속(屬) 32종(種)의 식물(植物)에서 37종(種)의 병(病)이 발생(發生)하고 있었다. 이들 중 우리나라에서 이제까지 보고(報告)되지 않은 미기록병해(未記錄病害)는 Glomerella속균(屬菌), Colletotrichum속균(屬菌), Ceratocystis속균(屬菌), Pestalotia속균(屬菌), Gloeosporium속균(屬菌), Macrophoma속균(屬菌), Sphaceloma속균(屬菌), Botrytis속균(屬菌), Alternaria속균(屬菌), Phyllosticta속균(屬菌), 및 Phomopsis속균(屬菌) 등(等)에 의(依)하여 19속(屬) 19종(種)의 관상식물(觀賞植物)에 22종(種)의 병(病)이 발생(發生)하고 있음을 확인(確認)하였다.

To suggest the development possibility of immunostimulating materials from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) postbiotics, Lactobacillus sakei/Leuconostoc mesenteroides were isolated from Kimchi. Next, two isolated LAB were cultured to prepare postbiotics (LABP) to measure macrophage activity. LABP significantly increased the production of macrophage stimulating factors such as nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. LABP-crude polysaccharides (CP) fractionated from LABP by EtOH precipitation not only showed more potent macrophage stimulating activity but also induced phagocytic activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LABP-CP was identified as polysaccharides with a major monosaccharide composition of mannose (59.1%), glucose (23.0%), and galactose (14.0%) with high-molecular-weight of 103.5~126.7 kDa. In conclusion, postbiotics prepared from LAB isolated from Kimchi were confirmed to have industrial applications as a functional material with immunostimulating activity.

본 논문은 2022학년도 교양 음악 과목의 현황 및 성격을 파악하기 위하여 서울 소재 12개 대 학교를 선정하여 개설 현황과 강의개요의 내용을 분석하였다. 개설 현황 분석에 있어서는 개설 과목의 수와 주제를 분석했으며, 특히 자료가 일반인에게 공개되어 있는 10개 대학의 경우에는 2008학년도 자료와 비교하여 시대적 추이를 가늠하고자 했다. 개설 과목이 현저히 증가한 대학의 경우에는 교양교육을 전담하는 기관 또는 주체가 뚜렷함을 보여 주었으며, 개설 과목의 성격 역시 담당 기관 및 주체의 운영 방식과 직접적인 연관이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 교양 음악 과목의 주제 를 분석한 결과, 서양음악이 거의 절반을 차지하는 반면, 한국음악, 대중음악, 융복합의 순서로 그 나머지를 구성하며 세계음악은 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 슐러의 ‘독립적 음악 능력’에 기초하여 과목의 성격을 분류한 결과는 현재 이론적인 측면이 76%를 차지함으로써 연주와 창조의 측면이 부족한 것으로 분석되었다. 한편, 강의 개요의 내용을 요르겐슨의 다섯 가지 음악 교육철학에 기 초하여 질적연구 소프트웨어 엔비보로 코딩 분석하였다. 이때, 강의의 성격 및 강의개요서 서술방 식에 따라 분석 결과가 상이하게 나타날 수 있으며, 실질적인 강의의 내용과 동일하지 않을 수 있 음을 한계로 밝힌다. 연구의 결과, 지식과 가치, 특히 음악적 지식과 가치를 가장 중요하게 다루 고 있으며, 다음으로 실기 능력의 전수, 개인의 경험과 표현의 증대, 사회적 기여, 다양한 문화의 유지의 순서로 중요하게 여기는 것으로 나타났다.