This research presents the results of the strength and drying shrinkage properties to study the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS), fly ash(FA) and calcium sulfoaluminate(CSA) for activated ternary blended slag cement. The activated ternary blended cement(ATBC) mortar were prepared having a constant water-cementitious materials ratios of 0.4. The GGBFS contents ratios of 100%, 80%, 70% and 60%, FA replacement ratios of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, CSA ratios of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% were designed. The superplasticizer of polycarboxylate type were used. The activator was used of 10% sodium hydroxide(NaOH) + 10% sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) by weight of binder. Test were conducted for mini slump, setting time, V-funnel, water absorption, compressive strength and drying shrinkage. According to the experimental results, the contents of superplasticizer, V-funnel and compressive strength increases with an increase in CSA contents for all mixtures. Moreover, the setting time, water absorption ratios and drying shrinkage ratio decrease with and increase in CSA. One of the major reason for the increase of strength and decrease of drying shrinkage is the accelerated reactivity of GGBFS with alkali activator and CSA. The CSA contents is the main parameter to explain the strength development and decreased drying shrinkage in the ATBC.

Side scanning sonar (SSS) provides valuable information for robot navigation. However using the side scanning sonar images in the navigation was not fully studied. In this paper, we use range data, and side scanning sonar images from UnderWater Simulator (UWSim) and propose measurement models in a feature based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework. The range data is obtained by echosounder and sidescanning sonar images from side scan sonar module for UWSim. For the feature, we used the A-KAZE feature for the SSS image matching and adjusting the relative robot pose by SSS bundle adjustment (BA) with Ceres solver. We use BA for the loop closure constraint of pose-graph SLAM. We used the Incremental Smoothing and Mapping (iSAM) to optimize the graph. The optimized trajectory was compared against the dead reckoning (DR).

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual condition of the already established rural theme park, draw the weak and strong points, and come up with an efficient performance plan for Changwon Persimmon Theme Park through the benchmarking of the best overseas case. According to the analysis, it is necessary to introduce a facility and a program for family customers as a plan for promoting Changwon Persimmon Theme Park. It is required to secure safety through public operation and management, improve scalability of the facility through the establishment of multi-functional complex facility, and come up with a plan for operating a special program associated with local resources. Therefore, this study drew three activation factors: the establishment of operation and management system, the development of operation contents by facility, and the establishment of operation in each area. First, to establish the operation and management system, it is necessary to classify the organization of the theme park into the operation business area and into operation & management area by job function. Secondly, it is necessary to establish a special program in consideration of space and facility, suggest a differentiated plan for operation contents, and create a facility operation plan and program for Changwon Persimmon Theme Park. Lastly, to operate and manage Changwon Persimmon Theme Park smoothly, it is necessary to set the theme park space as open collaboration space which the local residents can share and participate in by avoiding the conventional administration-based business performance and operation. This study suggested the plan for establishing an operation and management system for Changwon Persimmon Theme Park and its operation, the establishment of a special program, a business performance strategy, and the use of internal and external spaces of the theme park.

본 연구는 규산나트륨(Na2SiO3)으로 활성화된 고유동 대량치환슬래그 시멘트의 기초특성에 관한 연구이다. 고로슬래그 미분말 (GGBFS)은 보통포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC)의 40%에서 80%까지 질량치환하고 칼슘설포알루미네이트(CSA)는 2.5%와 5.0% 치환하였다. 규산나 트륨(Na2SiO3)은 전체 결합재(OPC+GGBFS+CSA) 질량의 2%와 4% 추가하였다. 모든 배합의 물-결합재 비(w/b)는 0.35이다. 본 연구에서는 미니슬럼프, V-funnel, 응결시간, 압축강도와 건조수축을 측정하였다. 실험결과 유동화제 양, V-funnel, 응결시간과 건조수축은 CSA와 Na2SiO3가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 그러나 압축강도는 CSA와 Na2SiO3가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 이러한 원인 중 하나는 CSA와 Na2SiO3가 GGBFS의 활성화를 촉진하였기 때문이다. 최고의 성능을 나타낸 배합은 CSA 5.0% + Na2SiO3 4%를 혼합한 시험체이다.

The purpose of the study is how to educate construction IT convergence for BIM engineers. With the advent of the fourth industry in recent years, BIM has attracted much attention in the construction industry. However, There are not many Construction-IT experts who can link the 4th industry with BIM. There is an increasing demand for construction IT convergence education that connects the 4th industry and BIM. How should we design construction IT convergence training for construction engineers? We surveyed 38 BIM engineers and 88 construction professionals in order to find a direction for construction IT convergence education for BIM engineers.

This study is intended to prepare an revitalization plan of region where rural development project is completed through an analysis of the actual condition of facility operation and maintenance in the region where the project is completed. The results of survey of actual condition of facility operation in the region where rural development project was completed showed that the facilities were not self-sufficient in terms of operation and maintenance cost. Therefore, a prerequisite to the revitalization of region where the project is completed is to prepare an alternative plan for increasing the efficiency and applicability of currently already prepared facilities. Second, a project operation organization system should be streamlined and the competency of operation personnel should continue to be strengthened. Third, it is necessary to prepare a support system and establish cooperation networks for increasing the extensibility of project and continuing to induce community revitalization in the region where the project is completed in the future.

Ministry of Environment has been operating water quality monitoring network in order to obtain the basic data for the water environment policies and comprehensively understand the water quality status of public water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The observed water quality data is very important to analyze by applying statistical methods because there are seasonal fluctuations. Typically, monthly water quality data has to analyze that the transition comprise a periodicity since the change has the periodicity according to the change of seasons. In this study, trends, SOM and RDA analysis were performed at the Mulgeum station using water quality data for temperature, BOD, COD, pH, SS, T-N, T-P, Chl-a and Colon-bacterium observed from 1989 to 2013 in the Nakdong River. As a result of trends, SOM and RDA, the Mulgeum station was found that the water quality is improved, but caution is required in order to ensure safe water supply because concentrations in water quality were higher in the early spring(1~3 month) the most.

To investigate the effect of soluble silicate zeolite dressing of the rice against bakanae disease, field trial in reclaimed land and in vitro were carried out. The coated rice seeds (SCS) which were dressed with the mixture of 25% silicic acids (binder), and the zeolite (coating powder). In wet direct seeding, uniform scattering of rice seeds on the soil surface and the better seedling establishment were shown in SCS treatment plots. The incidence of bakanae disease began from the mid tillering stage toward the heading stage. Around heading stage, the ratio of infected tillers reached its highest point by 9.9% in non-SCS treatment plots. While, in SCS treatment plots, the ratio of infected tillers was no more than 0.01%. The vitality of the pathogenic fungi of bakanae disease in the SCS and non-SCS samples were assessed. Samples were incubated for one week keeping proper humidity at 30°C after inoculated with panicles of infected rice plants from experimental field plots. In non-SCS treatment, pinkish colonies were formed on the grain surface of panicle of infected plants, and mycelium, macro-conidia and micro-conidia were developed actively inside part of infected grain inoculated. While in SCS treatment, micro-conidia and mycelium were not survived and the growth of macro-conidia, mycelia were greatly inhibited and withered. Based on the results, it is concluded that the environmental friendly control of bakanae disease by use of SCS is possible and soluble silicate can be applied as agents for replacement of seed disinfection.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport(MOLIT) publishes Yearbook of Road Bridge and Tunnel Statistics once every year. Also, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT) is operating the website based on GIS to provide the status information of bridges and tunnels on the road. In this paper introduces road Bridge and Tunnel Information(BTI) system that offers the base data for the effective maintenance of bridges and tunnels on the road.

동물의 성은 유전학적 성과 형태학적 성으로 구분되는데, 성의 표현은 일반적으로 형태학적 성을 기준으로 한다. 본 연구는 북방전복의 생식생물학적 정보를 제공하고, 아울러 성의 인위적인 조절에 필요한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 수행하였다. 평균 수온 22℃에서 6개월간 사육한 북방전복의 성분화 과정을 조직학적으로 분석한 결과, 북방전복의 성분화율은 각장 24.2 mm 그룹에서 90.0%였으며, 성비(암:수)는 1:0.64로 나타났다. 북방전복 성체의 생식소는 발과 내장낭 사이에서 긴 원뿔형으로 발달 된 간췌장을 둘러싸고 있으며, 외형의 색깔에 따라 난소는 진녹색, 정소는 옅은 노란색을 나타낸다. 성체의 난소와 정소는 각각 생식소외막에서부터 간췌장까지 생식소 내강 쪽으로 발달된 격벽에 의해 여러 개의 내강으로 구분되며, 각각의 내강에서 생식세포형성소낭(gametogenic follicle)을 따라 생식세포들이 발달한다. 북방전복의 형태학적 성분화 과정은 크게 다음과 같이 5단계로 구분할 수 있었다. 1) 생식소 외막 형성, 2) 장과 간췌장 사이의 결체조직에 시원생식세포(PGC: primordial germ cell) 출현 및 생식소 내강 형성, 3) 생식소 내강 상피층에 PGCs 출현, 5) 생식세포형성소낭(gametogenic follicle) 형성 및 PGCs 출현, 5) 성분화. 북방전복의 각장 5.0~10.0mm 시기에 돌기모양의 간췌장이 형성되어 육안으로 구분이 가능하며, 간췌장의 외막은 이중막으로 형성되어 있다. 이 시기에 안쪽상피층은 편평형 상피세포들로 구성되며, 바깥쪽 상피층은 편평형 상피세포들과 점액세포들로 구성된다. 각장 15.0 mm 전후에는 장과 간췌장 사이의 결체조직에서 처음으로 PGCs의 확인이 가능하다. PGCs의 크기는 약 7.4 μm였으며, 핵의 크기는 약 4.7 μm였다. H-E 염색결과, PGCs는 강한 호염기성의 세포질과 인을 가지고 있었다. 또한, 이 시기에 간췌장의 이중막 가운데 외막이 내막으로부터 분리되면서 생식소 내강이 형성된다. 각장 18.0 mm 전후에는 생식소 내강이 뚜렷해지며, 생식소 내강의 기저부에는 PGCs가 일렬로 배열된다. 이때, PGCs의 크기는 약 10.8 μm였으며, 핵의 크기는 약 7.4 μm였다. 이후, 각장 21.0 mm 전후에는 생식소 내강에 격벽이 형성되고 각각의 격벽 사이에 생식세포 형성소낭이 형성되며, 각각의 소낭 기저부 결체조직에는 PGCs가 증가하며 배열된다. 각장 23.0 mm 전후에 PGCs는 정원세포와 난원세포로 분화되면서 초기 성분화과정이 진행된다. 정원세포들은 크기 감소와 응축과정을 통해 정모세포로 발달하고, 난원세포들은 세포질의 증가와 호염기성의 세포질이 뚜렷한 초기 난모세포로 발달한다.

This study investigated the effect of coated feed using mixed oil on rumen fermentation characteristics. Two experiments were conducted based on materials that were mixed. First, cashew nut and soybean oils were mixed with white mineral oil. And second, different plant extracts were mixed with white mineral oil. At first experiment, inclusion levels of mixed oil on diet (0.03%, 0.1%, 0.5%) were applied as variables. A coated diet was fermented with rumen inoculum according to in vitro rumen fermentation and its parameters were investigated. In the result of first experiment, no negative effects on rumen pH were found. Significantly decreased dry matter digestibility was detected at 0.5% treatment (P<0.05). Total gas productions in control and 0.03% were significantly greater than those of others (P<0.05). Significantly reduced methane productions were found in all treatments compared to the control (P<0.05). Inclusion of mixed oil did not affect on ammonia production. Total volatile fatty acid production was also not influenced by coating with mixed oils. Rumen fermentation parameters were greatly changed according to introduced plant extracts at second experiment. The significantly lowest and greatest ammonia productions were found at treatments with Ixeris dentata and Plantago asiatica, respectively (P<0.05). The significantly greatest acetate and propionate productions were detected at treatments with Crucuma longa and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, respectively (P<0.05). All treatments, except Chrysanthemum idicum, Euyale ferox seed, Moringa leaf and fruit and Zizyphus vulgaris 1, showed significantly increased total volatile fatty acid production compared to the control (P<0.05). Only Paeonia lactiflora showed significantly lesser gas production than the control (P<0.05). In methane production, Ceramium, Zizyphus, Paeonia, Agrimonia, Torilis, Mugwort, Foeniculum, Euphorbia, Taraxacum, Artemisia, Momordica, Curcuma and Moringa reduced methane significantly compared to the control (P<0.05).

In this paper, 30 years of aged bridge in service used external post-tendons method flexural strengthening, was carried out the loading test and structural analysis in order to verify the performance improvement effect before and after strengthening. This experimental test results will be improvement of load carrying capacity for aged bridges

본 연구는 12개의 색소 및 비색소옥수수 계통들에 대하여 300개의 SSR마커를 이용하여 유전적 다양성, 계통유연관계 및 집단구조 분석을 실시하였다. 유전적 다양성 분석 결과, 300개의 SSR primer들은 색소 및 비색소옥수수 12계통들에 서 총 1,331개의 대립단편을 증폭시켰으며, SSR primer당 대 립단편들은 최소 2개에서 최대 10개까지 나타나 평균 4.44개가 증폭되었다. MAF는 0.25에서 0.92의 범위로 나타났고, 평균값은 0.48을 나타내었다. 총 1,331개의 대립단편 중에서 221개의 대립단편들은 색소옥수수 계통들에서 특이적으로 나 타났고, 408개의 대립단편은 비색소옥수수 계통들에서 특이 적으로 나타났으며, 나머지 702개의 대립단편들은 색소 및 비색소 계통들에서 공통으로 확인되었다. 그리고 총 163개의 SSR 마커에서 색소옥수수 특이적 대립단편이 확인되었다. 집 단구조에 대한 분석 결과에서 12개의 색소 및 비색소옥수수 핵심집단 계통들은 groups I, II, III, admixed group으로 구 분되었다. 본 연구결과는 옥수수 육종연구에서 색소 및 비색 소옥수수 계통들의 식별에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다

The photochemical characteristics were analyzed in the context of sowing time and different levels of fertilized nitrogen during the maize (Zea mays L.) growth. When maize was early sawn, the fluorescence parameters related with electrontransport, in photosystem II (PSII) and PSI, were effectively enhanced with the higher level of fertilized nitrogen. Highest values were observed in maize leaves grown in double Nfertilized plot. The photochemical parameters were declined in the progress of growth stage. In early growth stage, the fluorescence parameters were highest, and then reduced to about half of the parameters related with electron transport on PSII and PSI at middle and late growth stages. In 1/2 N plot, the photochemical energy dissipation was measured to 13% in term of active reaction center per absorbed photon resulting in decrease in performance index and driving force of electron. This decrease induced to lower the photochemical effectiveness. In 2 N plots, the electron transport flux from QA to QB per cross section and the number of active PSII RCs per cross section were considerably enhanced. It was clearly indicated that the connectivity between photosynthetic PSII and PSI, i.e. electron transport, was far effective.

이 연구는 컨설팅장학이 전국적으로 시행된 지 3년 차가 되는 2013년도의 시･도교육청별 컨설팅 장학 운영현황, 공통점과 차이점을 비교･분석하고, 컨설팅장학의 질 제고를 위한 과제를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전국 17개 시‧도교육청의 자료를 수집‧분석하고, 보다 심층적인 분석을 위해 4개 시‧도교육청의 컨설팅장학 담당자를 대상으로 면담조사를 수행하였다. 컨설팅장학 운영현 황은 선행연구를 토대로 크게 실행영역, 인적영역, 지원영역으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 시･도교육청 교육정책과 컨설팅장학의 연계, 컨설턴트 연수과정의 심화 및 영역 다양화, 컨 설팅장학 운영사례 공유와 확산을 위한 시･도교육청 간 교류 확대 등을 개선과제로 제언하였다.