This study investigated the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng with different amounts (in ratios of 0, 1, 2, 4% to the total materials) of tumeric powders. The proximate composition and total polyphenol content, antioxidant activities, Hunter's color values, pH, Brix and sensory properties of tumeric hanging were examined. Results of analysis of the proximate composition analysis showed that ash content was increased significantly by adding turmeric powder and the more content of turmeric powder. The higher content of tumeric powder, the higher total polyphenol and total flavonoids contents. Brix and brightness were lowered and yellowness was increased. The sensory properties were highly rated for the control without turmeric powder in four organoleptic (sensory) properties (taste, texture, odor, acceptance) except color. The group with-1% addition of turmeric powder was highly rated in the second place.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for two different amounts of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder and olive oil for the processing of chicken sausage. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology, with ten experimental points, including two replicates for turmeric powder and olive oil. The physicochemical and mechanical analysis of each sample, including water holding capacity, moisture content, lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness, showed significant differences. The results from sensory evaluations also showed very significant differences in color, flavor, tenderness, chewiness, and overall quality. The optimal formulation, calculated by numerical and graphical methods, was 1.89 g of turmeric powder and 9.77 g of olive oil. Under these conditions, the model predicted pH-6.01, salinity-0.20, WHC-94.88, L* value-61.13, b* value-37.45, hardness-36.66×102 (N), springiness-8.70 (mm), chewiness-26.88×103 (N×mm).

Curcumin, the major yellow-colored pigment in turmeric(Curcuma longa L.), was extracted by using supercritical carbon dioxide. Optimum extraction conditions were determined. Overall experiments were planned by central composite design and results were analyzed by response surface methodology to find effects of three independent variables, temperature(X1), co-solvent flow rate(X2) and pressure(X3) on the yield of curcumin extract(Y). Regression model optimized by response surface analysis was as follows Y = -8.581270 + 0.220770X1 + 1.176731X2 + 0.036873X3 + -0.0026816X12 - 0.013010X2X1 - 0.103353X22 + 0.000198X3X1 - 0.0000825X3X2 - 0.000096554X32. Optimum temperature, pressure and co-solvent flow rate for extracting curcumin from turmeric were 40.31oC, 3.07 ml/min and 231.59bar, respectively, and statistical maximum yield of curcumin was 1.922%.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism function of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing turmeric meal [basal diet+5% turmeric (BT), basal diet+STZ+5% turmeric (ST)], and control (BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). The results of this study, turmeric diet groups (BT, ST) in lipid component as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, uric acid, blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The serum albumin and globulin contents were increased in turmeric supplementation diet than STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the turmeric diet than diabetic group. Total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) concentrations in sera were higher in the BT, ST and BD groups than BS group. In vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that ingestion of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were effective in the blood glucose and lipid metabolism functional improvement.

The purpose this study was to investigate the influences of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) supplementation on enzyme activities such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase, lipase and catalase in serum of dyslipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (24 male) were divided into four groups, namely the ND group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet), NT group (normal-nondyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric), DD group (control-dyslipidemic diet), and DT groups (dyslipidemic diet+5% turmeric). Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and uric acid were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by turmeric supplementation diet. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, amylase and lipase in sera of turmeric diet group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The catalase activity in serum of turmeric supplementation group was significantly increased than dyslipidemic diet (p<0.05). In vivo experiment with dyslipidemic rats showed that ingestion of turmeric were effective in kidney and hepatic functional enzyme activities. Which suggests that turmeric material could be used for further studies as a potential source for nutraceutical foods.

Studies on the physicochemical properties of physiological activity substance in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were analyzed for the use as an functional food materialization. The proximate compositions in the vacuum freeze dried turmeric were carbohydrate 72.90%, moisture 5.74%, crude protein 10.02%, crude fat 4.67%, and crude ash 6.69%, respectively. The mineral contents of turmeric were calcium (Ca) 2,294.77 mg kg-1, potassium (K) 28,780.54 mg kg-1, magnesium (Mg) 2,826.90 mg kg-1, sodium (Na) 1,826.58 mg kg-1, iron (Fe) 190.94 mg kg-1, and manganese (Mn) 620.16 mg kg-1. The vitamin contents of turmeric were pantothenic acid 1.040 mg/100 g, riboflavin 0.166 mg/100 g, thiamin 0.148 mg/100 g, pyridoxine 0.010 mg/100 g, and calciferol 0.008 mg/100 g, respectively. Total amino acid contents in protein of turmeric were 7.66 g%, and major amino acids were aspartic acid 1.45 g%, glutamic acid 1.07 g%, leucine 0.71 g%, phenylalanine 0.47 g%, and arginine 0.46 g%, respectively. The amount of free amino acids of turmeric were 225.81 mg%, and major free amino acids were asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and alanine. Especially, in the case of asparagine, it was highest. The compositions of fatty acid were saturated fatty acid 45.09%, monoenes 8.62%, and polyenes 46.30%.

The present study were conducted to determine physiological activities and antioxidant effects [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Fe2+ (ferrous ion) chelating capacity] of 70% methanol, chloroform:methanol, 2:1 volume ratio (CM) and ethyl acetate extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Bioactive compound of tannin 0.125±0.007 mg Catechin Equivalent (CE)/g dry weight. Turmeric extracts yield were 70% methanol 16.54%, CM 5.64% and ethyl acetate 4.14%, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the samples exhibited a dose-dependent increase. Results showed that extraction solvent had significant effects on total flavonoid content and antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate. But ferrous ion-chelating capacity of 70% methanol extract was higher than CM and ethyl acetate extract. From the results of this study, turmeric can be utilized as a valuable and potential nutraceutical for the functional food industry.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics, root yield and curcuminoid content of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), cultivated using mother seed rhizomes (MR) and finger seed rhizome (FR) of different sizes. MR are attached to the stem, and FR are connected to the MR, and are used as a general seed rhizome. Methods and Results: Seed rhizomes of different types and sizes were used: large, medium and small for FR, and large, half-sized, and small for MR. These were assigned to the experimental groups and cultivated under greenhouse conditions. The growth characteristics, root yield, and curcuminoid content did not show clear difference between MR and FR, but suggest that the larger seed rhizomes (above 30 g) could have higher root yields. On average, harvested mother rhizomes (HMR) contained more curcuminoid than harvested finger rhizomes (HFR), while the yield of HFR was higher than that of HMR. The higher weight of harvested roots correlated significantly with elevated curcuminoid content. Conclusions: The two seed rhizomes, MR and FR, did not differ in root yield and curcuminoid contents, but larger seed rhizomes may produce better root yields. This suggest that the optimum seed rhizome is larger FR, to produce higher yields and quality in turmeric root production.

Background : Turmeric is a subtropical plant, which has a high temperature for growing, but if it continues to be high temperature, it will be turned into heat degradation phenomenon. In order to mitigate damage caused by high temperature, we investigate the damage caused by high temperature. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in the experimental packaging (April 2018 seeding) of the Gyeongnam provincial medicinal resource research institute and eight systems of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) As the main research items, temperature characteristics of treatment distinction and high temperature damage rate were investigated. From July to August 2018, the main weather condition was over 35℃ for more than 21 days and showed abnormal high temperature. CUR11 showed the highest mortality rate (9.1%), and CUR10 (44.8%) showed the highest mortality rate. The average number of CUR11 strain was 23.2%. The mortality rate was 4.9% at the 60 th day of the emergence period and 40.2% at the 75 th day after 2 weeks. The higher the loss rate, the higher the damage rate. When the coating was maintained, the coating surface showed a high temperature of 50℃ or higher. A test was conducted to confirm the heat-reducing effect by coating, as a result of the test, there was no significant difference in the removal rate compared to the control. Conclusion : In order to alleviate the effect of high temperatures on the growth of turmeric, it was found that the heat loss caused by the coating did not appear much in case of turmeric.

Background : Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) have traditionally been used as Asian medicinal and culinary herb. Curcumin, a major compound of turmeric, has been known to have antitumor activity. However, curcumin is bioavailable because it is rapidly metabolized and released from the body. Therefore, the addition of adjuvants such as piperine, a potent inhibitor of drug metabolism, is one of the ways to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. Methods and Results : The yields of turmeric and black pepper ethanolic extracts (TM and BP) are 18.2 and 8.2% (w/w), respectively. The EC50 values of A549 and NCI-H292 cells exposed to TM were 77.8 ㎍/㎖ and 92.0 ㎍/㎖, respectively. No significant cytotoxicity was observed up to the 400 ㎍/㎖ in the A549 and NCI-H292 exposed to BP. Based on the central composite design, the co-treatment of TM and BP enhanced the cytotoxicity of A549 and NCI-H292 cells. The optimal combination concentration (optimal EC50 value) of TM and BP calculated by the response surface methodology assay were 48.5 and 241.7 ㎍/㎖. The conbination index assay confirmed that the cytotoxic effect at optimal combinatino concentration was due to the synergistic effect. Conclusion : We hypothesized that co-treatment of TM and BP enhanced cytotoxicity more than single treatment of TM against lung cancer cells, and cell death at this time may synergetic cytotoxicity effects associated with curcumin metabolism.

Background: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) that is used as a food material has antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently the demand for functional foods and drugs has increased. The present study was carried out to determined of contents of residual sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, ash, acid insoluble ash and curcuminoids in turmeric from the Seoul Yak-ryeong market. Methods and Results: A total of 31 samples were obtained. Residual sulfur dioxide was not detected in any samples. Heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury) were analyzed by ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer) and a mercury analyzer and were detected in the ranges of 0.00 - 0.28, 0.00 - 0.07, 0.00 - 0.29 and 0.002 - 0.027㎎/g respectively. No significant difference were observed between the average heavy metal contents of domestic and imported tumeric. However, average content of ash in domestic samples (7.8%) were significantly higher than that in imported samples (6.1%), whereas that of curcuminoids was significantly higher in imported samples (47.6㎎/g) than in domestic samples (11.2㎎/g). The average content of acid insoluble ash was not significantly different between two sample types (0.9% in each). Conclusions: There are no specific standards for turmeric used as food materials. Therefore, this study can be provided as basic data for the establishment of quality standards for turmeric.

본 연구 결과 울금 에탄올 추출물이 DMBA에 의해 유도한 유선 암화과정에서 종양의 발생률과 종양수를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 이러한 종양세포의 증식 억제 효과는 울금의 암 예방 효과에 대한 기본 메커니즘 중 하나이다. 앞으로 효과적인 투여 경로 및 조직 특이성을 검토하기 위하여 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

Studies were carried to evaluated the influence of storage method by temperatures and fillers on yield and quality of seed rhizome in turmeric. Seed rhizome was stored at styrofoam box filled with rice hull and sand (3:1) or vermiculite for 30, 60 and 90 days at different temperatures (5, 10 and 15℃. compared to traditional method (rhizome only). Parameters were obtained for weight loss, cold injury, percentage of decayed in stored rhizome during storage periods. Also, the germination, growth pattern and yield from stored rhizome has been investigated. It was confirmed that storage of turmeric in stored with filled with vermiculite helps in prevention of rhizomes from microbial and fungal attack. The storage of rhizomes in styrofoam box without any filler at low temperature below 10℃. is not advocated due to heavy losses weight and decayed in management of postharvest for turmeric rhizome. Germination percentage, growth pattern and yield was maximum for rhizomes stored at styrofoam box filled with vermiculite for 90 days at 15℃. The paper outlines a brief attempt to assess the efficacy of non-chemical methods including optimal storage method (temperature and filler) of control of decay and moisture losses during storage of turmeric.

본 연구는 미나리와 울금의 방사선 피폭이 어떠한 영향이 미치는지 알아 보고자 하였다. 실험동물은 ICR계 5주령 25~30g 수컷 50 마리를 마우스를 사용하여, 5 마리를 하나의 군으로 3 Gy 대조군(A), 5 Gy대조군(B), 3 Gy 미나리 전처치(C), 5 Gy 미나리 전처치(D), 3 Gy 미나리 후처치(E), 5 Gy 미나리 후처치(F), 3 Gy 울금 전처치(G), 5 Gy 울금 전처치(H), 3 Gy 울금 후처치(I), 5 Gy 울금 후처치(J)으로 설정하였고, 대조군(A, B)은 방사선 조사 후 7 일 동안 생리식염수 (500mg/kg/day)를 마우스에 경구투여 하였고, 후처치 대조군(E, F, I, J)도 방사선조사 후 7일 동안 미나리(500mg/kg/day)와 울금(500mg/kg/day)을 각각 마우스에 경구투여 하였다. 또 이와 같은 방법으로 전처치 대 조군(C, D, G, H)은 미나리(500mg/kg/day)와 울금 (500mg/kg/day)을 각각 마우스에 7 일 동안 경구투여 후 방사선 조사를 하였다. 그 결과 3 Gy 대조군에서 백혈구 평균수치(마우스 5 마리)는 평균 200K/μL, 3 Gy 미나리 전처치군에 서는 평균 6,46K/μL로 정상수치(1.8-10.7 K/μL)로 되었다. 3 Gy 울금 전처치의 백혈구 평균수치는 23.33K/μL로 정 상수치는 아니지만, 200K/μL에 비하여 정상수치에 가까워졌음을 알 수가 있다. 3 Gy 대조군에서 림프구의 평균 수치 는 118.87K/μL로, 3 Gy 울금 전처치군은 1.51 K/μL로 림프구 정상수치(0.9-9.3K/μL)로 나타내었다. 혈소판에서는 3 Gy 대조군의 평균 수치는 4000K/μL, 3 Gy 미나리전처치군은 1107 K/μL, 3 Gy 울금 전처치군은 2759.6 K/μL로 혈소판정상수치(592-2972 K/μL)로 나타내었다. 위의 결과로 미나리와 울금이 방사선 피폭에 대한 예방적 차원에서 방어효과가 있는 것으로 사료되었고, 동물실험에서는 혈구수치가 정상수치로 돌아오는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 이 실험 을 바탕으로 향 후 다양한 연구가 선행되어야 할 것으로 사료되는 바이다.

강황 에탄올 추출물은 Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 21541, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29273, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 21541, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 그리고 Aeromonas hydrophila KCTC 2358에 대하여 0.05-0.2% 범위에서 뚜렷한 성장억제효