This study conducts a precise analysis of the formation process of the Eonmun Spelling System (1930) by examining its primary source materials: the Eonmun Spelling System (Internal Draft) (1928) and the Eonmun Spelling System (Base Text of the Revision) (1929). The 1930 orthography served as a significant turning point in the history of Korean writing systems by establishing the foundation for morphophonemic spelling through the expansion of the final consonant system and refinement of syllabic separation rules. Notably, this research uncovers and compares the Japanese version of the Base Text of the Revision, which had previously been studied only through Korean translations in newspapers such as Dong-a Ilbo. The findings reveal that these translations were not mere renditions, but intentional revisions reflecting the Deliberation Committee’s discussions and the translators’ normative orientations. Furthermore, by analyzing handwritten notes in the mimeographed original of the Base Text, this paper reconstructs debates on core issues, such as morphological representation, initial sound rules, fortis, and the epenthetic sound notation. Ultimately, this study illuminates the dynamic process through which the 1930 orthography emerged from negotiations between the government-general’s policy demands and the academic aspirations of Korean linguists.
The CDA compares how the Chosun Ilbo and Kyunghyang Shinmun represent undocumented migrant workers. While both use nominalization and passive voice to obscure agency, their ideological framing diverges. The Chosun associates workers with crime and job scarcity, foregrounding the administrative perspective. Conversely, the Kyunghyang centers on workers' voices and structural issues, viewing them as economic resources, although occasionally prone to overinterpretation. The findings demonstrate that both newspapers strategically deploy linguistic resources, from lexical metaphors to structural foregrounding, to align them with their specific discursive purposes and ideological standpoints.
This study examines the intonational differences between Busan dialect speakers residing in Busan and those who have migrated to Seoul through experimental phonetic analysis, focusing on how intonation is realized across sentence types in dialect contact situations. To this end, experiments were conducted using two types of sentences: those containing Busan dialect vocabulary and those using standard vocabulary with dialectal lexical items excluded, and the intonational patterns between the two speaker groups were compared. The results showed that sentences containing Busan dialect vocabulary did not reveal significant differences in intonation according to migration status. By contrast, sentences using standard vocabulary exhibited noticeable differences in certain sentence types. In particular, speakers with longer residence in Seoul showed intonation patterns different from those of speakers residing in Busan in two specific sentence types: wh-questions and yes/no questions. This pattern can be interpreted as reflecting linguistic contact with speakers in the Seoul metropolitan area. This study is limited in that it focused on a specific age and gender group. Further research, including speakers of diverse age groups and backgrounds, is required.
Through an intertextual analysis of policy documents, this study examines how language ability has been constructed as a key technology in Korean migration policy. Drawing on Foucault’s concept of governmentality and critical discourse analysis, this paper treats policy texts not as neutral administrative instruments but as discursive practices that legitimize language assessment as a condition of eligibility, integration, and citizenship. Focusing on documents related to Korean language testing, naturalization requirements, and social integration programs, this analysis highlights how recurring discourses on standardization, social order, and risk management have bee mobilized to acclimatize language evaluation. Rather than reporting the empirical outcomes of language testing, this study offers a critical reading of policy discourse, showing how language ability is framed as an objective and technical criterion, while obscuring its political and normative implications. This study contributes to the sociolinguistic and critical language policy research by illuminating how language assessment operates as a powerful mechanism for selection and governance in contemporary migration regimes.
This study analyzes how Ajinomoto implemented a localization strategy that focused on the everyday language and lifestyles of urbanized Seoul residents rather than traditional social classes. In particular, small-scale advertisements designed by Korean staff maximized the vitality of spoken language by actively employing hangeul-centered colloquialism and complete sentence structures. Moving beyond simple product descriptions, these advertisements depicted conversational scenarios between family members and neighbors to foster a sense of familiarity and encourage practical use in daily life. Furthermore, advertising copies embraced the popular orthography and phonological phenomena emerging in Seoul’s urban common language at the time. This included reflecting i-regressive assimilation and vowel raising while often prioritizing widely used traditional spelling over strict linguistic norms. The brand also demonstrated strategic linguistic choices by introducing certain dialects while simultaneously suppressing strong Southern dialect traits to maintain nationwide appeal. Such strategies illustrate that realistic conversational language is highly effective in persuading consumers in the 20th-century daily necessities market.
This study examines gender differences in language use in online shopping reviews through an analysis of five-star reviews posted on the fashion platform Musinsa. Focusing on reviews of a single unisex sneaker product, a corpus of 977 reviews by male users and 998 reviews by female users were compiled and analyzed. This study used morphological analysis and frequency-based methods to compare high-frequency vocabulary, part-of-speech distributions, abbreviated forms, loanwords, original-language expressions, sentence-ending forms (haeyo-che and hasipsio-che), and symbolic language such as emoticons. The findings show that male users tend to use verbs and nouns directly related to functions and outcomes, whereas female users more frequently employ adjectives and adverbs expressing aesthetics, emotions, and overall impressions. Although the use of hybrid abbreviations and emoticons differed significantly by gender, sentence-ending forms also showed a statistically significant association with gender. These results suggest that gender does not rigidly determine the overall stylistic structure of review discourse but influences language use by shaping evaluative focus, emotional marking, and rhetorical emphasis in positive reviews.
This study examines the diachronic trajectory of neologism maknae on top, which emerged from K-pop fandom discourse and has sustained vitality over two decades while expanding into broader social domains. Using Google Trends and big news data, this research analyzes emergence patterns and frequency changes from 2006 to 2024, supplemented by a qualitative analysis of media articles and fan community usage. Three distinct phases have emerged: creation (2006-2011), consolidation (2012-2018), and establishing (2019-2024). First, it traces how maknae on top evolved from a nonce formation to an institutionalized lexical item. Registration in the Naver Open Dictionary (2009) and Urimalsaem (2017) marks the transition from subcultural jargon to recognized public discourse. Second, maknae on top expanded beyond K-pop to include popular culture, sports, and everyday social networks. Big data analysis confirms widespread acceptance as a functional noun denoting "the youngest member who assumes a leading role." Third, it operates as a linguistic mechanism reflecting contemporary shifts in hierarchical perception, reinterpreting the traditional vertical order into flexible, merit-based relationships. This research demonstrates how a neologism born in a specific cultural context becomes embedded in the general lexicon through interactions with social change, offering insights into the dynamics between linguistic and sociocultural transformations.
This study examines the language ideologies of Korean university students learning Hungarian in the context of South Korea’s “Critical Foreign Language” policy. Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis, this study analyzes how learners discursively construct and justify their language choices beyond personal interest or aptitude. The findings show that Hungarian is recurrently categorized as an “uncommon language,” most often through the everyday labels such as “special language” and “minor language,” which are not used in their institutional or linguistic senses but are re-semantized in learners’ talk. Within the special language discourse, scarcity is capitalized as an advantage and differentiation, whereas within the minor language discourse, it simultaneously indexes marginality and limited visibility. This ambivalent meaning of scarcity is further extended into competitive positioning against “others” who choose mainstream languages. Importantly, such strategic framing shapes learners’ normative orientations in learning; Hungarian is treated as a language that must be mastered to a high level and put to use, leading learners to link proficiency with future career trajectories. This study highlights how policy categories are reinterpreted and internalized in learner discourse, showing that foreign language learning functions as a socially situated practice organized by value, competition, and future-oriented imaginaries.
This study investigates the discursive construction of diasporic Korean identities across generations using a sociocultural narrative discourse approach. Combining interpretative phenomenological analysis with Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic framework, it examines interviews and public discourse materials to explore how language functions as both a symbolic resource and a medium of social practice. The findings reveal a generational shift from heritage-oriented identity maintenance to processes of identity reconstruction and negotiation. While earlier generations emphasize collective belonging through linguistic continuity and shared cultural memories, later generations reinterpret Korean as a resource for self-expression, relational positioning, and social recognition within multicultural contexts. In this sense, language does not operate as a marker of ethnic purity but as an interactive site where identities are negotiated, reconfigured, and performed. Theoretically, this study contributes to diasporic identity research by foregrounding performative subjectivity and demonstrating how language mediates identity construction across both generational and sociocultural contexts.
This study analyzes the “gapjil” culture recurrently observed in Korean society not as a matter of individual personality or ethical deviance, but as a communicative structure in which social power asymmetry is enacted and reproduced through language. While previous studies have approached gapjil primarily at the institutional, legal, and ethical levels, this study focuses on the linguistic forms through which gapjil is realized in actual interaction. To this end, this study provides a macro-level review of the background and major situational contexts in which the gapjil language arises, centering on social settings where the hierarchy operates strongly, such as workplaces, the military, and schools, and qualitatively analyzes recurring types of linguistic expressions, including unreasonable task imposition, responsibility shifting, standard shifting, and implicit coercion of obedience. The analysis shows that gapjil operates less through explicit commands than through the shifting of responsibility, fluidization of standards, and naturalization of obedience, confirming that it is not a problem of individuals’ communicative competence, but a discourse pattern activated by structural conditions. This study suggests that resolving the gapjil culture requires, beyond improving individual ethics, redesigning communication structures and evaluation systems and it repositions how power relations operate through language from a sociolinguistic perspective.
study aims to explore the language attitudes toward the regional language and the identity as community members among Korean Language Learners(KLLs) who have migrated and reside in Jeonnam. It is important to pay attention to KLLs as community members, considering they communicate with speech community members who use the regional language. Therefore, in-depth interviews were conducted with six KLLs residing in Jeonnam to examine their language attitudes and identities. Analysis revealed that the KLLs exhibited a neutral attitude toward regional language, perceiving them as natural and commonplace. They positively accepted and used these dialects within their regional community. Furthermore, during the early stages of migration, learners experienced a lack of community belonging due to their unfamiliarity with regional language and insufficient language proficiency. However, through the process of striving to belong to the regional community, they began to unconsciously use the regional language, demonstrating that they employ the same linguistic resources as community members.
This study emphasizes the need to preserve dialects in Gangwon Province amid the demographic decline and linguistic deterioration. Using a literature-based approach, this study first examines the relationship between depopulation and language vitality, reviews national and Jeju Province cases of dialect preservation, and then analyzes Gangwon’s demographic situation and current dialect policies. This discussion suggests that owing to low birthrates and population aging, many communities in Gangwon face the risk of extinction, along with the likelihood of dialect weakening and loss. This study proposes a twofold policy framework: preservation and revitalization. Although the 2025 revision of the provincial ordinance provides a legal foundation for dialect preservation and promotion, several limitations remain, indicating the need for further amendments. Except for Gangneung City, most measures are confined to documentation, with some areas lack identifiable practices. Drawing on Jeju’s experience, potential initiatives include using dialects in cultural tourism interpretation, bilingual signage, mobile applications, creative content such as films and literature, and commercial products featuring dialects. Therefore, securing linguistic data is essential. Finally, considering Gangwon’s social context, scholars should raise awareness and justify the cultural significance of preserving Gangwon dialects.
This study aims to establish a linguistic foundation that enhances understanding among athletes, coaches, and the general public by identifying difficult-to-understand public terminology in the anti-doping field and revising it into more accessible expressions. A total of 154 terms used by the Korea Anti-Doping Agency were selected, and 93 terms were refined by applying certain criteria, including grammaticality, clarity, conciseness, familiarity, consistency, and unity. Fifty refined terms were finalized through expert consultation and an acceptability survey with 100 participants. The results showed that difficult Sino-Korean words accounted for the largest proportion of terms requiring refinement (44%), followed by polysemous terms (24%), and unfamiliar loanwords (20%). Clarity (51.4%) and familiarity (31.4%) were primary considerations in the refinement process. After refinement, the lexical composition shifted from Sino-Korean (60%), hybrid (24%), and loanwords (16%) to Sino-Korean (77.8%), hybrid (18.5%), and native Korean (3.7%), with no loanword-based terms remaining. This study contributes to preventing the disadvantages of athletes caused by terminological misunderstandings and provides a foundation for accessible anti-doping communication.
This study examines whether Seoul-born adults who relocated to the Gyeongsang region in adulthood show evidence of acquiring regional phonological features of labiovelar glide reduction. Overall, /w/ tokens show systematic formant changes from onset to vowel midpoint, with substantial interspeaker variability. The statistical results indicate that extralinguistic predictor patterns differ according to gender. For female speakers, sociolinguistic awareness of the /w/ deletion is associated with a larger F2 change from onset to midpoint, consistent with stronger maintenance of the Gyeongsang-like realization, whereas length of residence and Gyeongsang Orientation Score show no significant effects. Awareness is not a significant predictor for male speakers. Instead, a higher Gyeongsang Orientation Score predicts a smaller F1 change from onset to midpoint, consistent with greater glide reduction, whereas a longer residence predicts a larger onset-to-midpoint change in both F1 and F2, consistent with stronger maintenance of the Seoul-like realization. The interview data suggests that professional environments and dense same-origin networks may sustain Standard Korean-oriented speech norms, which explains why residence duration and local orientation patterns differ. Overall, the findings indicate that adult second dialect outcomes for /w/ realization are selective and socially mediated rather than directly determined by time in the region.
While the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) aims to increase communication skills and intercultural exchange through its English education policy, university-level outcomes often fall short due to longstanding systemic and sociocultural challenges. This study addresses potential issues with the revised university-level MEXT English education policy by exploring how university teachers and students interpret the MEXT policy reforms in classroom contexts. A qualitative methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews with four English learners and teachers, followed by thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The interview data indicated that national identity, linguistic anxiety, and power hierarchy in the classroom environment present challenges to English education. Participants also described teacher training as insufficient to support policy implementation. These accounts suggest that policy implementation may require greater attention to the sociocultural and institutional conditions experienced by teachers and learners.
Despite the growing interest in the role of first language (L1) in English-medium instruction (EMI) contexts, few studies have examined how L1 instruction influences learners’ writing beliefs, motivation, and perceptions of instructional languages. This study investigates the effects of genre-based L1 writing instruction on core writing beliefs among Korean university students in relation to their motivational orientations and perceptions of Koreans’ role within a broader EMI context. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining questionnaire data from 140 university students with eight semi-structured interviews. The results showed that following the writing instruction, students’ beliefs about key writing skills shifted, with greater emphasis placed on textual structure and logical organization. Alongside these changes, both intrinsic and extrinsic writing motivation increased by the end of the course. Notably, extrinsic motivation was strongly correlated with students’ perceptions of the instructional languages (English and Korean). Qualitative findings further highlighted the importance of meaningful L1 writing experiences and the role of English as a disciplinary language in engineering education. These findings underscore the pedagogical and policy relevance of strategically incorporating L1 instruction to enhance the effectiveness of EMI in higher education.
This study explores the phenomenon of third-person self-reference (illeism) in the Indonesian and Korean languages, focusing on gender-based patterns in everyday interactions. While prior research has largely focused on literary works and the speech of public figures, this study explores illeism among everyday speakers with gender as a key influence. Comparing the two communities enhances our understanding of possible differences in the language use of illeism. A total of 64 participants were sampled: 40 Indonesians (20 males and 20 females) and 24 Koreans (12 males and 12 females). Using both quantitative and qualitative designs, data were collected via an online questionnaire using DCT (a discourse-completion task) with five social scenarios followed by an open-ended question for each scenario to elicit the reasoning behind the use of illeism. The responses were then analyzed thematically. The results show that Indonesian females use illeism more than males, while Korean respondents show balanced usage across genders. Four factors seem to influence illeism: context of formality and naturalness, emphasis on social roles, politeness and affection, and social distance.