This study investigates the quality characteristics of sweet persimmon jam added with aronia juice. Sweet persimmon jam was prepared with sweet persimmon, sugar, pectin and various amounts (20, 40, 60, 80%) of aronia juice, and it was assessed for pH, total acidity, color, sensory evaluation and hydrogen donating ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging effects and content of the total polyphenols, respectively. Increasing the amount of aronia juice decreased the pH, whereas the total acidity gradually increased. In addition, with an increased amount of aronia juice, the lightness (L) and yellowness (b) significantly decreased, while redness (a) gradually increased. By increasing the amount of aronia juice, the polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were increased. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the sweet persimmon jam added with 80% aronia juice had the highest overall-acceptability scores. The results suggest enhancing the quality, palatability and acceptability of sweet persimmon jam by adding 60~80% of aronia juice.

고분자 전해질막은 수화상태에서 이온전달채널을 형성하여 연료전지 시스템내에서 수소이온을 전달하는 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 저가습 상태에서는 효과적인 이온전달이 잘 이루어지지 않는 것으로 보고되며, 친수성 및 소수성 영역의 명확한 상분리가 일어나는 불소계 고분자 전해질 막에 비하여, 탄화수소계 고분자 전해질 막에서는 이러한 상분리 현상이 상대적으로 약하게 일어나고, 그 결과로 낮은 수소이온 전도도를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 낮은 수소이온 전도도를 분자 구조 측면에서 규명하기 위하여, 분자전산모사를 통해 가습 상태 변화에 따른 함수율 조건을 이용하여 고분자 전해질막 모델을 만들고, 이를 서로 비교하여 이온전달 채널의 형성에 어떤 요소들에 영향을 미치는지 규명 하고자 한다.

Ink-jet printing techniques with ceramic ink, which contains ceramic pigments as colorant, are in increasingly use in the ceramic industry. Generally, ceramic pigments that are produced by conventional method show diameters of several micrometers; these micrometer sized particles in the ink-jet printing process can cause undesirable behavior such as print head nozzle clogging. To prevent this problem, a particle size reduction process is required. In this study, CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) pigments were synthesized via solid state method. Each pigment particle was milled to submicron size by an attrition mill. The effects of micronizing on the morphology, mechanical property, crystal structure and color property of the CMYK ceramic pigments were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and CIE L*a*b*.

The present study was conducted to control Botrytis growth of cut roses during transport by applying hot water dipping. Water temperatures ranging from 40 – 70℃ and dipping time from 10 – 90 s were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Hot water dipping at 50℃ inhibited mycelial growth depending on dipping time. Water temperature over 60℃ completely inhibited the pathogen growth even at exposure of 10 s while water below 40℃ did not have any effect. However, temperature over 60℃ rapidly damaged the tissue of rose petals. Dipping time below 40 s at 55℃ showed no significant difference on electrolyte leakage compared to control. In vivo, dipping flower heads in hot water reduced the severity of Botrytis rot. Dipping for 20 – 90 s at a temperature of 50℃ was more effective than at higher or lower temperatures. Heat treatment increased respiration rate and decreased slightly solution uptake, transpiration, fresh weight of flowers but dipping below 50℃ for 20 s did not affect vase life.

The Chlor-alkali (CA) membrane cell is a major electrolysis system to produce valued chemicals such as chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide. The CA membrane process has been attracted in the industries, since it has relatively low energy consumption when compared with other CA processes. The key component in CA process is perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer membranes, which provide ion-selectivity and barrier properties to produced gases. Unfortunately, there is limited information to determine which factors should be satisfied for CA applications. In this study, the influences of PFSA membranes on CA performances are disclosed. They include ion transport behaviors, gas evolution capability, and chemical/electrochemical resistances under CA operation conditions.

Salined water electrolysis is an electrochemical reaction to produce chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide as major products from salined water. Perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers and their derivatives have been usually used as polymeric electrolytes with high sodium ion selectivity and barrier property to chlorine and hydrogen gases. In spite of their industrial importance, there is little information on the relationship of their chemical features and electrochemical performances. In this study, membrane requirements for salined water electrolysis are described and fundamental and electrochemical characteristics of PFSA and hydrocarbon ionomer materials are compared each other. The obtained results are expected to provide membrane material design factors for low energy-consuming salined water electrolysis.

Using the ultrasonic pyrolysis method, spherical SiO2 powders were synthesized from aqueous SiO2 sol as a starting material. The effects of pyrolysis conditions such as reaction temperature, SiO2 sol concentration, and physical properties of precursor were investigated for the morphologies of the resulting SiO2 powders. The particle size, shape, and crystallite size of the synthesized SiO2 powders were demonstrated according to the pyrolysis conditions. Generally, the synthesized SiO2 particles were amorphous phase and showed spherical morphology with a smooth surface. It was revealed that increased crystallite size and decreased spherical SiO2 particle size were obtained with increases of the pyrolysis reaction temperature. Also, quantity of spherical SiO2 particles decreased with the decrease in the concentration and surface tension of the precursor.

This study was conducted to determine the reasonable soaking period of glutinous rice for laver Bugak (Korean traditional fried dishes) processing and to identify the sensory characteristics of three kinds of laver Bugak made with different starch pastes: GRice_1d using glutinous rice soaked for 1 day; GRice_7d using glutinous rice fermented for 7 days; and Wheat using flour. Descriptive analysis was performed by 10 trained panelists, and the 92 consumers evaluated the overall acceptance (OL), acceptance of appearance (APPL), odor (ODL), flavor (FLL), and texture (TXTL) of the samples using a 9-point hedonic scale. From the measurement result by scanning electron microscope (SEM), there were differences in the surface characteristics among soaking period for 1 day and 7 days. Ten panelists were trained, and they evaluated the appearance, odor/aroma, flavor/taste, texture/mouth feel, and after taste attributes of these samples. 36 attributes were generated by panelists and 12 attribute were significantly different across products (p<0.05). It was found that the Grice_7d sample was characterized by mouthfeel of crispiness and uniformity of bubbles, and the Wheat sample was characterized by surface of roughness, mouthfeel of crispiness and adhesiveness, relatively. And the Grice_1d sample was characterized by surface of roughness, mouthfeel of roughness, hardness, cohesiveness, toughness, and adhesiveness.

버섯은 단백다당체, 아미노산 등의 기능성 물질이 함유되어 있으며 풍미로운 식감 때문에 요리재료로 보편적 으로 쓸 수 있는 특용작물이다. 그러나 버섯의 짧은 유통기간 때문에 버섯 유통 시 어려움을 겪고 있는 실태 이다. 따라서 버섯 품목별 저장 시 품질변화를 관찰하여 버섯의 유통기간 연장을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고 자 수행하였다. 품목은 일반적으로 많이 사용하는 표고, 양송이, 팽이버섯, 느타리를 선정하였다. 품질변화는 버섯들을 10°C에 저장하면서 에틸렌발생량, 호흡량, 갓길이, 경도 등의 품질 및 신선도, 부패, 갈변 등 관능평 가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 4종의 버섯이 3일 후까지 에틸렌과 이산화탄소 발생량이 급격히 증가하며 높은 호 흡량을 보였다. 팽이버섯이 제일 급격한 폭의 호흡량 상승을 보였으나 3일 후부터 급격히 호흡량도 낮아졌 다. 반면 나머지 버섯 품목은 7일까지 서서히 감소하다가 10일후 급격히 감소하였다. 대 길이도 호흡량과 같 은 경향의 생장 정도를 나타냈으며 팽이버섯에서 호흡량 증가와 함께 생장 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 모든 버 섯 품목이 호흡량이 감소한 7일후부터 부패가 시작되며 10일후 부패정도는 심하였다. 호흡량의 변화 폭이 비 교적 적었던 양송이과 표고는 부패와 갈변 진행이 상대적으로 호흡량 변화가 컸던 팽이버섯이나 느타리보다 는 느린 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 버섯의 호흡생리 특성이 수확 후 품질변화에 중요한 요인이 될 수 있음 을 알 수 있었다.

정부는 해양환경복원과 수산자원을 회복하기 위해 1971년부터 2014년까지 약 44년 동안 222,627ha의 인공어초어장 을 조성하였다. 그러나 인공어초 설치사업은 증가되고 있는 반면 아직까지 설치된 어초의 효과에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 포항시 장길리 해역에 설치된 뿔삼각형어초에 부착·서식하는 저서동물의 시간적 군집변 화를 살펴보기 위해 2003년 포항시 장길리 해역 수심 5∼7m에 설치된 뿔삼각형어초를 대상으로 2009년 2월부터 2011년 8월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐 어초에 부착된 저서동물의 군집을 분석하였다. 그 결과 우점하는 분류군은 연체동물이고 우점종은 바다방석고둥인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 출현종들은 대부분 시공간의 변화에 따라 달라지는 양상을 보였다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 시설해역과 목적하는 종의 특성에 적합한 인공어초 개발 연구, 사후관리에 관한 이용, 관리제도 제정 등에 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

Environment-friendly agricultural products are consumed widely, but little is known about consumers’ acceptability. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine consumers’ acceptability of cucumber when consumed raw, 2) determine differences in appearance liking between environment-friendly and conventionally grown cucumber samples, and 3) analyze the physicochemical properties of cucumber. White dadagi, gasi, non-pesticide mini cucumber, organic gasi, and organic Joseon cucumber samples were evaluated for consumers’ acceptability using a nine-point hedonic scale; White dadagi, organic Joseon, and organic gasi cucumber samples showed the highest acceptability scores. However, there were three consumer segmentations differing their degree of cucumber liking and preference. Consumers liked the appearance of organic gasi best. Consumers’ preference of cucumbers did not change upon evaluation of the acceptability of the appearance of whole fruit with and without a label indicating an environment-friendly status. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of the cucumbers—including color (skin and flesh), length, circumference, weight, water activity, brix, and texture (hardness and fracturability)—were measured. All measurements showed significant differences among samples, with the exception of water activity and hardness. White dadagi was 3.8 brix, which was the highest among cucumbers, followed by non-pesticide mini cucumber and organic Joseon. White dadagi, organic Joseon, and organic gasi showed greater fracturability than the other cucumber samples.