A demand for new mushrooms in the market has given impetus to explore new sources of edible mushrooms. Lepista nuda has an international reputation as an excellent edible species. The combination of its lilac color, solid fleshy structure, good shelf life, and delicious flavor makes it attractive to the market. Therefore the development of commercial cultivation techniques for L. nuda is highly desirable. This study was carried out to develop commercial cultivation techniques of L. nuda for the wild mushroom industry. For commercial cultivation of L. nuda it is required to research into environmental and physical parameters and to develop the new varieties with good productivity and short cultivation period. Twelve of L. nuda were provided from National Agrobiodiversity Center, Korea in 2012. They were investigated mycelia1 growth and formation of fruiting bodies on Agaricus compost. Only five among twelve, KACC51942, KACC52012, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, succeeded in initiation and development of fruiting bodies. Spore collection and isolation of monokaryons were obtained from four except KACC52012. We selected four of L. nuda, KACC51942, KACC52212, KACC52227, and KACC52139, as crossing parents to develop the new varieties to shorten cultivation period. They showed different mycelial growth on agar and specific shape and color of fruiting body on button mushroom bed.
This study investigated the nutritional compositions and physiochemical properties of three domestically cultivated jujube fruits (Boeun, Sangwhang, and Bokjo). Nutrient contents were analyzed by freeze-drying the jujube fruits. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the three jujube cultivars ranged from 7.85~13.52% for moisture, 4.65~5.24% for crude protein, 1.29~2.38% for crude ash, 0.17~1.09% for crude lipid, and 7.66~16.63% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of jujube cultivars were significantly different.
Mineral contents of Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in the three jujube fruits were also determined. Mn, Cu and Zn were not detected in any of the varieties. The content of Al was higher in Sangwhang, while Boeun had higher contents of Ca and K. The total polyphenol, ABTS values, and hypoglycemic effect were slightly higher in Boeun as compared to the other varieties. Taken together, Boeun could be an important source of natural antioxidant as a functional food.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate feed value and usability of soybean varieties as livestock forage. In this study, three soybean cultivars, OT93-26, Geomjeongsaeol, and Pungwon, were harvested at R5 (beginning seed development)- and R6 (full seed)-reproductive stages for analyzing feed value of soybean. Days to R5 stage harvest of OT93-26 among the three soybean cultivars was 55 days and the shortest while Pungwon took 103 days to reach at R6 stage. The R6-harvested soybeans had higher dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) content than the R5-harvested. However, both DM and CP were the highest in the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol. Contents of neutral detergent fiber (nDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Pungwon harvested at R5 were the highest whereas the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol had the lowest. Digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed value (RFV) of the R6-harvested Geomjeongsaeol and Pungwon were higher than those of the R5-harvested, but in case of OT93-26, those at R6 stage were low rather than those at R5 stage. However, soybean could be used as alternative forage with high feed value for livestock. Taken together, Geomjeongsaeol could be used for developing new forage soybean varieties with high feed value, and R6 would be the optimum harvesting stage for yield and quality of forage soybean.
To select the forage millet variety suitable for cultivation in the reclaimed tideland, forage and feed value compared for 16 millet cultivars grown at the Saemangyem reclaimed tideland, Korea, from April to August in 2014-2015. In order to select barnyard millet for forage that substitute rice, a total of 16 germplasm were collected, including germplasm in retained by the Rudal Development Administration’s Agricultural Genetic Resources Center, and domestic and foreign germplasm which other researches were retaining in Korea. Out of the 16 germplasm, including Jeju barnyard grass (JBG), were initially selected which are late-heading, long plant height, wide leaves, seed shatter-resistant, and with high dry forage yield in Saemangyem reclaimed tideland. The highest fresh weight and dry weight of barnyard millet were 78.4 ton ha-1, and 21.1ton ha-1 in transplanting May 10. The content of proline was the highest in JBG and IT153610 variety. Total phenol contents were the highest in JBG and the lowest in PI183332 variety, but very high in yield ability were selected; JBG was selected.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers allow rapid screening of crop varieties in early growth stages. We developed a modified SNP PCR procedure for assaying SNPs in maize. For SNP marker development, we chosen 200 SNP sites from MaizeGDB database, and designed two base pair mismatch primers based on putative SNP site of B73 genome sequence. PCR products size was from 200 to 500 bp or was not shown in the case of SNP site existing in Korean silage corns. Using previously discovered 16 primer sets, we investigated distinctness of 50 silage F1 hybrid corns including 10 Korean silage corns developed by RDA such as Gangdaok, Kwangpyeongok, Dapyeongok, Andaok, Yanganok, Singwangok, Jangdaok, Cheongdaok, Pyeonggangok, and Pyeonganok as well as 40 foreign commercial silage corns. From cluster analysis, we confirmed that 10 Korean silage F1 hybrid corns were clearly distinguished except for Singwangok, P1395, and several foreign commercial corns, and selected minimum SNP primer combination for Gangdaok, Jangdaok, Pyeonggangok, and Pyeonganok. Therefore, development of SNP marker sets might be faster, cheaper, and feasible breed discrimination method through simple PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis.
Teosinte, commonly known as wild species of corn, has distributed in Central and South America. It is believed that teosinte contains genes for resistance to flooding because of the climate characteristics of the collected countries. Recent studies have shown that teosinte has the ability to form adventitious roots, to develop aerenchyma tissues of teosinte, and the resistance to toxic substances under flooding soil condition. Therefore, development of corn varieties to cope with climate change and the growing corn at paddy field in Korea are required to introduce the characteristics of teosinte. However, in order to utilize teosinte resources, preconditions must be settled such as photoperiodic responsibility, physiological and ecological characteristics. Also if the preconditions are studied together with the metabolic level studies, the possibility of utilization for flooding resistant varieties will be even higher.
This study undertook to evaluate the quality characteristics of rice, to select a variety suitable for porridge. Seven varieties of rice were studied: Dabo, Daebo, Samkwang, Sindongjin, Sukwang, Jinsumi and Haiami were investigated for proximate contents and physicochemical characteristics. The moisture and crude protein contents of the rice cultivars were in the range 11.26-12.66% and 5.34-6.47%, respectively. The amylose content was the highest in the Samkwang (20.83%), and lowest in Haiami (18.32%). The water binding capacity and solubility of Samkwang and Jinsumi cultivars were greater than those of the other samples. Hardness of rice and viscosity of porridge was the least in Samkwang and Sukwang. The pH of porridge in Samkwang and Jinsumi (7.04) was higher than the other varieties (6.80-7.03). The results of this study indicate that Samkwang and Jinsumi are suitable varieties for porridge. We expect this data will be useful in the manufacturing of porridge.
This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and productivity between sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the same cultivation condition in Cheonan and Kimje of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Sudangrass hybrids(Choice, Sunstar and Piper) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17, Jumbo and Revolution) were planted 5th May in Cheonan and 7th May in Kimje. Heading date of sudangrass hybrids was 12th July which was about 2 week fast more than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Stem diameter of sudangrass hybrids was about 6mm which was about 5 mm smaller than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Disease resistance of sudangrass hybrid, “Choice” was similar to that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Dry matter yield of “Choice” was 15ton/ha which was 10% less than that for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17). Feed value of “Choice” was similar or slightly lower than that of sorghum-sudangrass. For increasing the productivity in forage cropping systems all around year, sudangrass hybrid is recommended for prolong by the middle ten day of May in the harvesting time of italian ryegrass
답전윤환 옥수수 8품종 및 수수 7품종 재배포장에서 조명나방 발생 및 수확 특성을 조사하였다. 매주 이뤄진 성충 트랩 조사에서 조명나방 밀도는 정식 2주 후부터 급격히 증가하여 6월 중순에 최성기에 도달 후 감소하다 9월 초 소폭 증가 후 감소하였다. 조명나방 유충에 의한 피해주 수와 침입공수를 매주 옥수수 미백2호와 대학찰 그리고 수수 남풍찰과 동안메를 대상으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, 대학찰과 미백2호에서 피해주가 각 20주당 19주와 18주였고, 주당 침입공수도 6월말부터 꾸준히 증가하여 수확기인 7월말에 대학찰은 주당 평균 1.8개, 미백2호는 1.4개로 나타 났다. 수확기에 옥수수 8품종에 대한 피해율과 침입공수를 조사한 결과, 대학찰 94%, 미백2호 92%, 일미찰 71%, 얼룩찰1호 64%, 찰옥4호 54%, 미흑찰 52%, 흑점2호 45%이었다. 주당 침입공수는 일미찰이 1.21개였고 나머지 품종들에서는 1개 미만이었다. 또한 옥수수 각 품종별로 이삭 10개씩 3반복으로 조명나방 유충에 의한 이삭 피해율을 조사한 결과, 일미찰 50%, 흑진주찰 40%, 대학찰 37%, 미흑찰과 흑점2호 13%, 얼룩찰 7% 그리고 미백2호 3% 등이었다. 수수 주요 재배품종들인 남풍찰 및 동안메는 정식 후 2개월까지 20주 평균 4주 미만으로 피해를 입다가 8월 초 에 피해가 급증하여 평균 피해주는 남풍찰이 13주, 동안메는 9.2주였고 주 당 침입공수도 8월 초부터 나타나기 시작해 남풍찰은 주당 평균 1.06 개, 동안메는 주당 평균 0.46개였다. 수확기 수수 품종별 조명나방에 의한 피해율을 조사한 결과, DS-202 95%, 목탁수수 76%, 소담찰 75%, 남 풍찰 67%, 앉은뱅이수수 57%, 동안메 46% 그리고 황금찰 34%로 7품종 모두 조명나방에 의해 높은 피해를 입었다. 침입공수 또한 피해율에 비 례해서 DS-202(1.7개), 목탁수수(1.4개), 소담찰(1.3개), 남풍찰(1.1개), 앉은뱅이수수(1개), 동안메(0.5개) 그리고 황금찰(0.4개)로 관찰되었다. 한편, 답전윤환 옥수수 및 수수 포장에서 조명나방 피해와 수확 특성은 인과관계를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 답전윤환 옥수수 및 수수 재배포장에서 조명나방의 관리대책을 구축하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
To select appropriate Korean varieties in Myanmar, a serial experiments using rice varieties developed in Korea were conducted for 2 years, 2014 and 2015. Among the yield components, panicle number per hill of Shwe Thwe Yin, Myanmar variety, was 14, 19, 17 for 2014 dry season, 2014 wet season and 2015 dry season, respectively, which are 6, 1.3 and 5 panicles more than that of Korean varieties. The grain number per panicle, the ripened grain rate, 1,000 grain weight and yield of Korean rice varieties higher than that of Shwe Thwe Yin, Myanmar variety, at 2014 dry season and wet season. However, grain numbers per panicle, ripened grain rate of Shwe Thwe Yin were similar to that of Korean varieties, the yield of Myanmar variety was higher than yield of Korean varieties, at 2015 dry season. And to study the wide area adoptability, korean rice varieties and Shwe Thwe Yin were tested for 2 years, 2014, 2015 and 3 regions, the yield of Hanareum, Hangangchal 1 and Dasan 2 were higher than the yield of Shwe Thwe Yin and the regional variation of these korean varieties lower than that of Shwe Thwe Yin at 2014 wet season. Dasan 2 and Hangangchal 1 were selected as promising rice varieties in Myanmar.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixed pasture using domestic varieties orchardgrass ‘Kodione’ and tall fescue ‘Purumi’ on forage yields and botanical composition from 2013 to 2015 in middle region of Korea. The following mixed pastures were used in this study: treatment A (orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties), treatment B (orchardgrass oriented mixture), treatment C (orchardgrass and tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment D (tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment E (tall fescue oriented mixture without orchardgrass), treatment F (only orchardgrass), and treatment G (only tall fescue). In botanical compositions at last cutting time in 2015, treatment A had orchardgrass at 7.1%, tall fescue at 47.9%, kentucky bluegrass at 15.2% and white clover at 25%. Meanwhile, treatment B had orchardgrass at 25.9%, tall fescue at 47.0%, kentucky bluegrass at 4.9% and white clover at 18.3%. Consequentially, in botanical composition from 2014 to 2015, treatment A was changed more compare to other treatments B, C, D and E. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years of treatment E (18,369 kg/ha) was the highest among the seven treatments, but there was no significant difference among other treatments except treatment A (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of treatment A were 14.5% and 74.8%, and treatment E were 14.1% and 73.0%, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower in treatment E and A than other treatments, and treatment E showed high content of total digestible nutrient (TDN). Therefore, tall fescue oriented mixture using domestic tall fescue variety Purumi had good forage productivity, quality and botanical composition in middle region of Korea for the establishment of grassland.
The nutritional compositions and physicochemical properties of two aronia varieties (Viking and Nero) cultivated in Chungbuk were investigated. The proximate compositions of Nero and Viking powder were:13% moisture, 0.58% and 0.6% ash, 0.73% and 0.33% crude lipid, 5.47% and 6.51% crude protein, 15.65% and 16.15% crude dietary fiber, and 64.36 and 64.43% crude carbohydrate, respectively. The proximate contents of the aronia samples were not significantly different. Among the physicochemical properties, there was also no significant change in total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. However, Viking had higher total polyphenol contents and α-glucosidase inhibition activity than Nero. The mineral contents of Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cu and Zn in the two aronias were determined. Cu and Zn were not detected in both varieties. With regard to Al, Na and K, Nero was higher than Viking, while Ca was higher in Viking than Nero. From the results, Viking could be suggested to be beneficial for food processing.
This study was conducted the comparative analysis on quality and rice bread process suitability properties by four particle size classification of dry-milled flours for four rice varieties. Dry-milled rice flours were prepared by dry milling and classified according to particle size using 100, 150, 200, and 250 mesh sieves. The mean particle size by four particle size classification of 60 ~ 100 mesh, 100 ~ 150 mesh, 150 ~ 200 mesh, 200 ~ 250 mesh exhibited 118.9 μm, 87.4 μm, 65.3 μm, 46.1 μm, respectively. The particle size of dry-milled rice flours was the finer, the damaged starch content was the higher (r = − 0.570*). The particle size also had significant negative correlation with the water absorption index (r = − 0.533*, r = − 0.593*), and water solubility index (r = − 0.857**, r = − 0.584*). Dry-milled rice flours with particle size of 60 ~ 70 μm, passed through 150 and 200 mesh sieves exhibited the highest specific volume of rice bread. Whereas, the dry-milled rice flour with finer particle size above 200 mesh showed the lowest specific volume of rice bread. These results will be applied as a quality standard to aid in the selection of the most suitable dry-milled rice flour for baking.
This study was conducted, using 10 high-quality rice varieties, at 24 experimental sites in 2013 and 2014 to analyze the comparative relationship among head rice yield (HRY), its attributes and sub-attributes. In the data set pooled across sites, years and varieties, where regional and varietal variations were combined, HRY was associated with milled rice yield (MRY) more closely than percentage of head rice (PHR) although both MRY and HRY demonstrated significant relationship with HRY. In the PHR higher than 80%, compared to 80% or less, fitness of the regression between PHR and HRY decreased. MRY and PHR, the two attributes of HRY, were not significantly associated with each other. Regional variation of HRY was associated only with MRY while varietal variation of HRY was related to both MRY and PHR. HRY and MRY showed regional variation greater than varietal variation meanwhile PHR demonstrated regional and varietal variations in a similar range. In the data set pooled across sites, years and varieties, MRY demonstrated relationship with spikelets per square meter (SPIK) in a higher significance than percentage of grain filling (PGF) and 1000-brown rice weight (TBRW). Both regional and varietal variations of MRY showed significant relationship only with SPIK, neitherwith PGF nor TBRW. It is concluded that regional variation of HRY was affected by MRY, varietal variation by both MRY and PHR, and region-variety combined variation mainly by MRY.
The objective of this study was to determine the physico-chemical properties in the high-amylose rice varieties. The rice flours were analyzed by RVA, DSC, HPAEC, resistant starch kit, SEM, spectrophotometer, etc. According to the RVA measurement of rice flours, the pasting temperature of Dodamssal was higher than those of the others. The proportion of amylopectin short chains (DP 6-12) of the Dodamssal was significantly lower than that of the others. The contents of amylose and resistant starch in the high-amylose rice flours ranged from 19.03% to 38.71% and from 0.6% to 12.39%, respectively. In SEM images, starch granules within Ilmibyeo, Mimyeon, Saegoami rice flours displayed polyhedrons different from those (relatively spherical morphology) of Dodamssal rice flour. According to the DSC results of rice flours, there were significant differences in the onset, peak temperatures of the endothermic peak. Gelatinization enthalpy was 4.52-6.3 J/g, with the lowest change in Dodamssal rice flour.
1913년부터 2013년까지 한국에서 육성된 콩 172품종의 생 육 및 수량구성형질의 변이를 평가하고 주성분 분석과 군집 분석을 통하여 품종군을 분류하여 콩 육종의 기초자료로 이용 코자 수행하였다. 생육 및 수량구성형질의 변이계수는 각 형 질에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 엽장폭비, 경장, 분지수, 100립중 및 주당종실중은 높았고, 엽면적, 주경절수, 주당협수 및 주당 립수는 중간정도이었으며, 생육시기에 관련된 개화일수, 성숙 일수 및 생육일수는 낮았다. 콩 품종들의 생육 및 수량구성형 질에 대한 주성분 분석을 한 결과, 주성분의 기여율은 제 1주 성분은 34.02%, 제 2주성분은 18.44%, 제 3주성분은 10.67%, 제 4주성분은 9.96%로, 상위 4주성분까지의 고유값이 1이상 이며, 누적기여율이 73.09%로 제 4주성분까지만 가지고도 한 국 콩 품종의 군집분류가 가능하였다. Average linkage cluster 에 의하여 분류된 군집분류에서 평균 거리를 1.1로 하였을 때 5개 군집으로 분류되었고, I군집은 전체 품종의 69.7%가 속해 있는 가장 큰 군집이었고, 다음으로 II군집이 19.8%가 속하는 큰 군집이었고, 그 다음으로 IV군집이 8.7%가 속하였으며, III 군집과 V군집은 1 ~ 2품종이 속하는 소군집이었다. 각 군집의 품종을 육성년대(1980년 이전, 1980년대, 1990년대, 2000년 이후) 및 용도별(장류 및 두부용, 나물용, 밥밑용, 풋콩 및 올 콩용)로 분류하면 품종의 분포가 차이가 있었다. 육성년대별로 는 1980년 이전과 1980년대에 육성된 품종은 I과 II군집에, 1990년대와 2000년 이후에 육성된 품종은 모든 군집에 넓게 분포하였다. 용도별로는 I군집에는 장류 및 두부용 품종이, II 군집에는 나물용 품종이, IV군집에는 풋콩 및 올콩용 품종이 가장 많이 속하였으며, III과 V군집에 속하는 품종은 나물용 품종이었다.