새우는 지질과 칼로리가 낮은 고단백질 공급원으로, 분말 또는 소스 형태로 가공되어 다양한 식품에 첨가된다. 그러 나 새우 알레르기가 있는 환자가 섭취할 경우 심각한 건강 상의 위험을 초래할 수 있으며, 특히 가공식품에 포함된 알 레르기 유발물질은 인지하고 섭취를 피하기 어렵다. 이에 따 라 가공식품 중 새우를 신속하고 정확하게 검출할 수 있는 분석법 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 새우의 열안정성 수 용성 단백질(TSSP)의 존재를 확인하고, 이를 이용하여 생산 한 다클론성 항체(pAb)를 기반으로 간접 효소결합면역흡착 분석법(indirect ELISA)을 개발하였다. 생산된 pAb는 Penaeus japonicus, Metapenaeus joyneri, Penaeus chinensis, Pandalus borealis, Penaeus monodon 등 5종의 새우에만 특이적으로 반응하였으며, 다른 식품 성분과 교차 반응을 보이지 않았 다. 개발된 pAb 기반 indirect ELISA의 검출한계(LOD)는 0.001%였다. 또한 삶음(100oC, 60분), 멸균(121oC, 60분), 튀 김(170oC, 8분) 처리된 새우 시료에서도 검출이 가능하여, 다양한 조리 조건 적용 후에도 검출이 가능함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 새우 TSSP가 열처리 식품에서 새우 혼입 여 부를 식별할 수 있는 항원 및 바이오마커로 활용될 수 있 음을 시사한다. 더 나아가, 본 연구에서 개발된 pAb는 가공 식품에 혼입된 새우 검출을 위한 면역분석 및 바이오센서 개발에 유용한 생체수용체로 활용될 수 있다.

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a widely consumed leafy green vegetable known for its rich content of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds with nutraceutical potential. This study analyzed the flavonoid content in three regionally cultivated Korean spinach varieties—Seomcho, Pohangcho, and Bomulcho—in both raw and blanched samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS). A total of 18 flavonoids were identified and characterized, including flavonol glycosides (spinacetin, patuletin, jaceidin, axillarin) and a flavone glycoside (6:7-methylenedioxyflavone). Notably, acylated compounds such as coumaric acid and ferulic acid were observed among the spinach flavonoids. The total flavonoid content ranged from 1,112.03 to 1,368.39 mg/100 g of dry weight in the raw spinach samples, with no significant changes noted after blanching. In Seomcho, the predominant flavonoids were patuletin 3-O-(2''-O-apiosyl)gentiobioside and spinacetin 3-O-(2''-O-apiosyl)gentiobioside, while Pohangcho featured spinacetin 3-O-gentiobioside and Bomulcho highlighted axillarin 4'O-glucuronide as the major compounds. These findings provide a comprehensive profile of flavonoids in Korean spinach, reveal regional differences, and suggest their potential as functional food ingredients.

This study examined the impact of Artemisia argyi extract (AE) on bone health using a mouse model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. A total of seven sham-operated mice and twenty-one OVX mice were assigned to three groups: control (OVX), estradiol-treated (E2, 10 μg/kg), and AE-treated (100 mg/kg). The treatment lasted for 12 weeks, during which body weight, food intake, hindlimb thickness, grip strength, and various bone parameters were recorded. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was employed to evaluate body composition, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). The administration of AE significantly increased BMC and BMD compared to the OVX group, with no notable changes in body composition. Although AE did not enhance hindlimb thickness, it did significantly improve grip strength. These findings indicate that AE selectively promotes bone metabolism and may serve as a potential functional food component for preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

In this study, we propose a data-driven analytical framework for systematically analyzing the driving patterns of autonomous buses and quantitatively identifying risky driving behaviors at the road-segment level using operational data from real roads. The analysis was based on Basic Safety Message (BSM) data collected over 125 days from two Panta-G autonomous buses operating in the Pangyo Autonomous Driving Testbed. Key driving indicators included speed, acceleration, yaw rate, and elevation, which were mapped onto high-definition (HD) road maps. A hybrid clustering method combining self-organizing map (SOM) and k-means++ was applied, which resulted in eight distinct driving pattern clusters. Among these, four clusters exhibited characteristics associated with risky driving such as sudden acceleration, deceleration, and abrupt steering, and were spatially visualized using digital maps. These visualizations offer practical insights for real-time monitoring and localized risk assessment in autonomous vehicle operations. The proposed framework provides empirical evidence for evaluating the operational safety and reliability of autonomous buses based on repeated behavioral patterns. Its adaptability to diverse urban environments highlights its utility for intelligent traffic control systems and future mobility policy planning.

The flora of the vascular plants in Ungseokbong County Park, Sancheonggun, Gyeongsangnam-do, was surveyed 11 times from April 2023 to September 2024. The surveys revealed 461 taxa, comprising 101 families, 288 genera, 417 species, 11 subspecies, 30 varieties, and three forms. Of these, two taxa were designated as endangered species, six taxa as rare plants, and 19 taxa as Korean endemic plants. The study also documented a total of 69 taxa as floristic regional plants, specifically two taxa of grade V, five taxa of grade IV, 11 taxa of grade III, 18 taxa of grade II, and 33 taxa of grade I. Furthermore, six taxa were identified as plants adaptable to climate change, comprising two northern species and four southern species. Forty-four taxa of alien plants and four taxa of ecosystem-disturbing plants were also found in this area. This study, based on reference specimens, provides fundamental data on the distribution and status of plants in Ungseokbong County Park and is expected to serve as a resource for the conservation and management of plant resources.

This study examined the anti-inflammatory potential and metabolite profiles of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens leaf germplasm. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in vitro by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. Among the germplasm tested, PL7 and PL6 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on both NO and IL-8. Metabolite profiling, conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), identified 60 compounds, primarily flavonoids and phenolic acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped the samples into four distinct clusters: PL1–PL5, PL6, PL7, and PL8–PL10. Variable importance in projection (VIP) analysis highlighted 15 key metabolites (VIP>1.0), including tuberonic acid glucoside, caffeic acid, luteolin, and salicylic acid, which contributed to the separation of these groups. Heatmap visualization revealed distinct patterns of metabolite accumulation: vitexin and rosmarinic acid were abundant in PL1–PL5; vanillic acid-4-glucoside and prulaurasin were prominent in PL6; 5'-O-β-D-glucosylpyridoxine and esculin were concentrated in PL7; and luteolin and D-pantothenic acid were enriched in PL8–PL10. Further analysis identified key anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as apigenin-6,8-diglucoside, salicylic acid, and pinocembrin in PL6, along with quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, rosmarinic acid-3'-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside in PL7. These findings highlight the functional diversity among perilla germplasm and their potential as valuable sources of anti-inflammatory food ingredients.

This study assessed the processing suitability and functional potential of sweet potato paste by comparing quality characteristics across different cultivars and heat treatment methods (steaming and baking). Generally, moisture content was higher after steaming, with the ‘Bodami’ and ‘Pungwonmi’ cultivars retaining more moisture, while ‘Jinyulmi’ and ‘Danjami’ had lower moisture levels. Purple-fleshed cultivars displayed negative a* and b* values, indicating bluish hues, whereas yellow-fleshed cultivars maintained stable b* values after heating. Both °Brix and free sugar levels increased after treatment, with baking significantly elevating maltose levels and enhancing sweetness. Apparent viscosity was higher in ‘Danjami’, ‘Jinyulmi’, and ‘Bodami’, while ‘Hogammi’, ‘Hopungmi’, and ‘Sodammi’ exhibited lower viscosity. Additionally, ‘Bodami’ and ‘Danjami’ demonstrated the highest levels of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities, confirming their potential as valuable functional ingredients. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate cultivars and heat treatments to optimize the physicochemical and functional qualities of sweet potato paste.

The cosmetics industry expects low irritation and skin improvement effects by utilizing natural ingredients and botanical extracts. In particular, Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract is a traditionally recognized ingredient with proven pharmacological efficacy and contains various bioactive compounds. According to previous studies, Poncirus trifoliata fruit has been reported to possess antioxidant, whitening, and skin-improving effects. In this study, the antioxidant and whitening efficacy of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was evaluated according to different extraction solvents, and the formulation stability of a cleanser containing this extract was analyzed. The antioxidant activity of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was confirmed by measuring DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity, while its whitening efficacy was assessed through tyrosinase inhibition activity. Additionally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content was measured, confirming its strong antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract may contribute to anti-aging and skin-whitening effects. To evaluate the stability of a cleansing formulation containing Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract, pH and viscosity changes were measured over 28 days under temperature conditions of 5°C, 25°C, and 45°C. The results indicated a decline in stability over long-term storage. Therefore, further studies are required to optimize the extract concentration and improve the formulation for enhanced long-term stability. This study suggests that Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract has potential as a functional cosmetic ingredient for skin whitening and anti-aging and can serve as fundamental data for future research on stability enhancement.

병원성대장균은 설사 및 장염의 원인균 중 하나이며, 가 장 흔한 기회감염의 병원체로서 내성에 대한 지표로도 사 용되고 있는 병원체이다. 2022년부터 2024년까지 경상남 도 내 식중독 환자로부터 분리된 병원성대장균의 병원성 유형, 독성 유전자, 항생제 내성 및 내성 유전자 등 발생 경향과 분자유전학적 특성을 조사하였다. 병원성 대장균 은 월별로 6월부터 8월까지, 연령대별로 20-29세 환자에게서 가장 많이 분리된 것으로 나타났다. 분리된 총 283 건의 병원성대장균은 장병원성대장균(EPEC)(118건 [43.7%]), 장독소형대장균(ETEC)(80건 [28.3%]), 장출혈성대장균 (EAEC)(73건 [25.8%]), 장출혈성대장균(EHEC)(11건 [3.9%]) 으로 분류됐다. 암피실린(57.6%)과 세파졸린(39.3%)에 대 한 내성이 가장 높았으며, 내성균주의 다제내성률은 4제 항생제에 대한 내성균주(42.6%)가 가장 많은 것으로 확인 되었다. 내성 유전자의 분포는 blaCTX-M(48.9%), blaTEM (24.9%) 순으로 확인되었고, blaOXA는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 병원성 대장균으로 인한 식중독 발생 을 예측하고, 내성균 확산을 예방하기 위한 공중 보건 관 리의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Springtails (class Collembola) play a crucial role in soil ecosystems. They are commonly used as standard species in soil toxicity assessments. According to the ISO 11267 guidelines established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Allonychiurus kimi uses adult survival and juvenile production as toxicity assessment endpoint. Conventional toxicity assessment methods require manually counting adults and larvae under a microscope after experiments, which is time-consuming and laborintensive. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a model using YOLOv8 to detect and count both adults and juveniles of A. kimi. An AI model was trained using a training dataset and evaluated using a validation dataset. Both training and validation datasets used for AI model were created by picturing plate images that included adults and larvae. Statistical comparison of validation dataset showed no significant difference between manual and automatic counts. Additionally, the model achieved high accuracies (Precision=1.0, Recall=0.95 for adults; Precision=0.95, Recall=0.83 for juveniles). This indicates that the model can successfully detect objects. Additionally, the system can automatically measure body areas of individuals, enabling more detailed assessments related to growth and development. Therefore, this study establishes that AI-based counting methods in toxicity assessments with offer high levels of accuracy and efficiency can effectively replace traditional manual counting methods. This method significantly enhances the efficiency of large-scale toxicity evaluations while reducing researcher workload.

최근 증가한 상어의 출현빈도 증가는 상어 혼획의 증가와 더불어 상어에 의한 생태계 변화의 정밀 해석의 필요성으로 이어지고 있다. 안정동위원소는 생태학적 현상을 해석하 고 이해하는 데 사용되며, 상어의 이동에 대한 원인과 생태계 내 상어의 위치 및 생태를 이해하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 본 총론에서는 한국의 상어 연구에서 영양 단계와 먹이 구성을 추정하고 이동 및 서식지 이용 패턴을 추론하기 위한 안정동위원소 기법의 활용을 제안하고자 한다. 연구자들이 이 접근법의 강점과 한계를 이해하는 데 도움을 주기 위해, 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소의 영양 단계 판별 특성, 그리고 영양 단계 및 먹이 구성 추정을 위한 방법론적 고려 사항에 대한 간략한 개요를 제공하고자 하며 연골어류 특유의 특성에 대한 동위원소 기법의 주의 사항 및 화합물 안정동위원소비를 이용한 최신 연구도 소개한다. 안정동위원소 기법은 위내용물, 유전자, 생지화학적 마커와 공동 활용을 통해 상어 생태학에 대한 기본적인 의문을 해결하는 데 강력한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 모든 국제규범이 단선적인 내재화 과정을 거치지 않는다는 문제의식으로부터 규범의 차별적 내재화 현상을 이해하기 위해 새로운 이론적 프레임워크를 제시하고, 이를 환경규범과 기업인권규범의 비교분 석을 통해 그 의미를 검증하였다. 이 과정에서 국제규범의 차별적 내재 화는 행위자의 전략적 역할, 다차원적 강제성, 그리고 제도적 구속의 상 호작용에 기인함을 주장한다. EU의 탄소국경조정제도(CBAM)는 강력한 규범주도자의 역할과 시장 메커니즘의 효과적 연계, 상호의존성이 높은 제도적 구속력 등을 통해 빠르게 내재화되고 있는 반면, 기업인권이행지 침(UNGPs)은 보편적인 가치에 기반한 자발적인 참여와 정치적·경제적 구속력의 미비, 집단적 제재나 네트워크 배제 등의 부재로 인해 실질적 인 내재화에 한계를 겪고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 국제 규범의 내재화에 대한 이론적 논의를 보완하였으며, 실천적으로는 국제 규범의 성공적인 확산을 위한 조건과 메커니즘의 기초를 제공함으로써 기후변화나 인권 등 국제적인 문제의 정책 입안자들에게 체계적인 이행 메커니즘을 구축하는데 필요한 함의를 제공하였다.

본 연구는 울산광역시 유통 과채류 가공식품의 잔류농 약 오염도를 모니터링하여 소비자의 안전성을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 울산광역시 소재 대형마트와 온라인 쇼 핑몰을 통해 유통되고 있는 과일 및 채소 가공식품 120건 (과일류 58건, 채소류 62건)에 대해 잔류농약(401종)을 분 석하였으며, 검출률은 32.5%(39건)이었고, 총 48종의 농약 검출을 확인하였다. 한편, 2022년부터 2024년까지 울산광역시 보건환경연구 원(농수산물검사소)에서 수행한 비가공 농산물의 잔류농약 검출률과 비교했을 때, 과일 및 채소 가공식품의 검출률 은 60-70% 수준이었다. 또한 검출된 농약의 검출량은 모 든 시료에서 원료 농산물에 대한 한국 기준의 20% 미만 수준이었고, 위해도(%ADI) 평가 결과 0.0003-0.7658%로 모두 안전한 수준인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 가공식품과 일반 유통 농산물의 잔류농약 검 출률 및 검출 수준을 비교함으로써, 가공식품에서도 잔류 농약 관리가 필요함을 실증적으로 제시하였다. 다만, 조사 한 가공식품 검체의 수량 및 종류가 제한적이고, 비가공 농산물에 대한 자료는 울산광역시에 유통되는 농산물에 국한된 자료라는 점에서 한계가 있다. 따라서, 향후 연구 에서는 가공식품 검체를 더 많이 확보하고, 비가공 농산 물에 대한 자료는 전국 수준에서 수집하여 보다 정밀한 모니터링이 이루어질 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

Sixty dried agricultural products were collected from February to July 2024. Among these, 16 samples were randomly purchased from large supermarkets and local markets in Gwangju, and 44 were obtained from online marketplaces. Only products labeled with phrases such as “No Food Additives” or “100% Raw Ingredients” were selected for analysis. The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of sulfur dioxide, preservatives, artificial colorants, and toxic heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in dried agricultural products, assess their risk indices, and provide foundational data to establish relevant regulatory standards. The results revealed that sulfite compounds were detected in some samples, with the highest sulfur dioxide concentrations found in gourds (82.99- 1046.95 mg/kg), apricots (10.87-529.45 mg/kg), and konjac powder (23.59-475.92 mg/kg). The highest sulfur dioxide risk index was observed in persimmons, with values ranging from 4.74% to 16.61% for male and 6.26% to 26.84% for female consumers. Sweet potatoes followed, with risk index values of 6.87% and 11.29% for male and female consumers, respectively. All the samples exhibited sulfur dioxide risk indexes below 100%, indicating safety. No preservatives or artificial colorants were detected in any of the samples, suggesting that sulfites can be used as alternatives to preservatives in certain products. The concentrations of lead in dates (9.55-137.09 μg/kg) and gourds (10.76-49.14 μg/kg) and cadmium in gourds (16.36-51.76 μg/kg) were within safe limits, with risk indexes below 100%. This study provides crucial baseline data for evaluating the safety of dried agricultural products. Furthermore, it underscores the need for more comprehensive risk assessments that consider the interactions between sulfur dioxide, heavy metals, and consumption patterns. Lastly, it highlights the necessity of strengthening regulatory standards to better protect consumers.

This study aimed to examine relationships of water and dietary fiber intake with various health-related factors using data from the 2016~2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 8,419 adults aged 19~49 years were categorized into four groups: (1) sufficient intake of both water and fiber (Type 1) (n=2,235), (2) water deficiency with sufficient fiber (Type 2) (n=1,470), (3) fiber deficiency with sufficient water (Type 3) (n=1,031), and (4) deficiency in both water and fiber (Type 4) (n=3,683). General characteristics, body composition, health behaviors, dietary habits, nutrient and food intake, and dietary quality were compared. Type 4 had more female (p=0.028), older adults (p<0.001), and higher socioeconomic status (p<0.001) than Type 1. Type 1 consumed breakfast more frequently (p<0.001). Nutrition label recognition, usage of nutrition label, and all nutrient intakes were the highest in Type 1 but the lowest in Type 4. Type 1 also had better dietary variety score and nutritional quality. These findings highlight the importance of adequate water and fiber intake for balanced nutrition and suggest that targeted nutrition education is needed, especially for male and low-income groups with insufficient intake.