This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of tofu prepared with different concentrations of lotus leaf powder. The determined values for moisture, crude ash, carbohydrate, crude protein, and crude lipid in were 2.97%, 8.09%, 65.18%, 22.83%, and 0.93%, respectively. The yield rates of the tofu samples did not differ significantly according to the level of added lotus leaf powder; however, there was a significant decrease in pH and a significant increase in acidity. The L- and a-values of samples decreased as the amount of lotus leaf powder in the formulation increased, whereas the b value increased. Furthermore, hardness significantly increased as the level of lotus leaf powder increased. In terms of overall acceptability, the preferred tofu samples were the control and that containing 0.2% lotus leaf powder.

시설 수박에서 목화바둑명나방 발생 밀도에 따른 방제수준을 설정하기 위 하여 2008년 7월-9월에 전북농업기술원 채소연구소 시험포장의 시설하우스 3 개동에서 처리 수준별(5처리 3반복) 피해정도를 조사하였다. 7월 15일에 처리 구당 10주식 정식하고 착과전인 8월 4일에 목화바둑명나방 2령 유충을 주당 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4마리 비율로 접종하였다. 유충 접종 후 7일 간격으로 발생밀도, 피해엽률 및 피해과율 변동을 조사하였다. 목화바둑명나방 유충 밀도는 모든 접종수준에서 2세대 유충이 출현하는 8월 중순부터 밀도가 증가하였으며, 유 충 밀도가 증가함에 따라 피해엽률 및 피해과율이 증가하였다. 접종수준이 높 을수록 상품과율은 감소하였으며 목화바둑명나방 접종수준과 상품과율과의 관계를 회귀식으로 분석한 결과 착과전 Y=-22.425X+101.3(R2=0.9655), 착과후 Y=-13.267X+105.6(R2=0.9463) 이었으며, 수박 상품과율 90% 수준에서 목화바 둑명나방 요방제수준은 착과전 0.4마리/주, 착과후 1.0마리/주 이었다.

The present study examined the import routes of distilled rice liquor soju and how soju developed among the royal family and the upper classes using celadon inscribed with poetry related to alcohol beverages in the 12th century, Maebyeong style vases inscribed with government office name in charge of alcohol beverages of the royal family in the 14th century during the Koryo Dynasty. Distilled rice liquor was imported from the southwestern region to Koryo by Arabian merchants through direct and indirect routes in the Yuen Dynasty during the age of King Chungsuk and King Chunghye in around the 14th century. As soju was added to existing takju and cheongju, the three major types of alcohol beverages were completed during the late Koryo Dynasty. Celadon pitcher inscribed with poetry shows the delicate sentimentalism, aristocratic prosperity, and poetic sentiment. In particular, it is valuable in that it reflects Koryo people's mind, view of nature, and attitude toward alcohol beverages, and their inner world was also described with celadon patterns. Maebyeong style vases Yangonseo, Saonseo, Deokcheongo, Euiseonggo and Saseonseo, which are real celadon antiques inscribed with government office name, were used for rice liquor preservation. In particular, Maebyeong style vase 〈Euljimyeong Saonseo, 1345〉 has the exact year of creation, so it is a historically important celadon in research not only on alcohol food culture but also on art history. This shows that alcohol beverages were important foods that there were controlled and stored in celadon by the government offices for the royal family's related alcohol ceremonies. Through celadon inscribed with poetry and government office name displaying Koryo people's unique imagination and cultural consciousness, we can read their mind and lifestyle based on historical and social alcohol food culture in the Koryo Dynasty.

Alcoholic beverages can be viewed as repositories of historical information reflecting agricultural environment, economic and scientific level, religion, literature and art of their country. Korean Alcoholic beverages are based largely on rice, which have been developed in the following order: Takju, Cheongju and distilled spirits, Soju. They are closely related with the development of agriculture and historical levels of science and technology, and thus can be seen as symbolizing economic and political changes as well as rises and declines throughout the culture's history. The present review assessed the past and present flows of Korean alcoholic beverage culture, which has had a significant influence on the mental world of Korean people, based on literature concerning the history of food in Korea. Another focus of the study was a discussion on the future transmission and refining of Korean alcoholic beverage culture, which is undeniably informed by the Korean people's unique imagination and cultural sense.

본 논문에서는 인간의 피부색에 대한 선호색 영역을 실험을 통해 결정하고, 입력 영상에서 인간의 피부색을 선호색으로 사상하는 방법을 제안하였다. 선호색 실험은 색 변환이 가능한 프로그램을 이용하여 각 관찰자들에 대한 선호색 영역을 결정하고, 이것을 실제 얼굴 모양의 패치에 적용하여 선호색 실험을 부가적으로 수행함으로써 보다 효과적으로 선호색 영역을 결정하였다. 선호색 사상 알고리즘은 크게 입력 영상에서 피부색 영역을 추출하는 과정과 추출된 피부색 영상을 선호색으로 변환하는 과정으로 구성되며, 피부색 영역을 추출하기 위한 방법으로 피부색이 포함된 여러 영상의 색상 분포 특성을 작성하여 이를 분석함으로써 통계적으로 피부색 영역을 결정하였다. 선호색으로의 사상 과정은 입력 영상의 피부색 영역에서 밝기 분포 특성을 분석하여 평균 밝기값을 계산하고 그 범위를 판단하여 대표 밝기값을 적용한 다음, 색상과 채도 히스토그램을 바탕으로 대표 색상값과 대표 채도값을 지정하고, 그 값을 선호색 실험을 통해 얻은 각 밝기 단계별 선호 색상값과 선호 채도값으로 변환함으로써 선호색 사상을 수행하였다. 그 결과 보다 부드럽고 자연스러운 선호색 영상을 획득할 수 있었다.

The present study examined the characteristic of regional food culture observed in prehistoric Daegok-ri petroglyph based on the history of art, archeological materials and existing whale eating customs. Daegok-가 petroglyph expressed animals in the sky, on the land and in the sea. According to the relic, the most preferred land and marin animals were deer and whale, respectively. In terms of petroglyphic techniques. earlier patch engraving was used mainly to express marin animal whale, and later line engraving to express land animal deer. This implies the possibility that as whale hunting declined due to regional environmental change the source of protein was switched to land animals. Among relics found in Dongsam-dong shell mound, which is a remain from the Neolithic Period, whale bones appear only in shell mounds of the Neolithic Period in coastal areas, and shell mounds until the Ironze Age, which were the agricultural Age, were found the bones of land animals such as deer and wild boar. This shows that in the petroglyph thematic land animals expressed in line engraving, which is a technique later than patch engraving, were major food resources for the supply of protein. Moreover, in terms of art, Daegok-ri petroglyph describes 'advanced hunters', suggesting that it was the Neolithic Period and showing 문 aspect of regional food culture based on hunting and fishing. The credibility, which prehistoric men expressed in Daegok-ri petroglyph before the invention of letters, was also proved by archeological articles.

본 연구는 우리나라의 중요한 조경소재로 과도한 남획 및 서식지 변경으로 개체군이 급격히 파괴되어 위협에 처해있는 호랑가시나무를 대상으로 자생지와 자생지 인근의 식재지를 대상으로 잎의 형태적 특성을 분석하였다. 엽 형태변이의 분석결과, 엽장 0.9cm~11.8cm, 엽폭 0.4cm~7.7cm, 엽병장 0.2mm~13.0mm, 엽 면적 0.7cm2~46.7cm2 및 결각수 1~13개로 나타났다. 주로 잎의 모양, 결각의 수, 잎의 색 및 열매의 색등에 의해 구분하는 호랑가시나무의 재배품종을 자생지와 식재지에서 구분을 시도한 바, 절부암('Cholbuam'), 인천('Inchon'), 순천('Sun Chun')등 총9종류의 재배품종과 1종류의 교잡종으로 식별하였다.

본 조사 지 역의 식물상은물건리 방풍림에서 66과 135속 147종 25변종4품종총 176분류군이, 미조리 방풍림에서는63과 123속 138종 13변종2품종 총 153분류군이 확인되었다. 이중환경부지정 식물구계학적 특정식물종을살펴보면, 물건리 방풍림에서 I 등급은 말오줌때,푸조나무, 천선과나무 등24분류군, n등급은 갯걱이삭, 검양옻나무, 모감 주나무 3분류군 등 총 27분류군으로 분석되었으며, 미조리 방풍림에서는 I 등급이 구실잣밤나무,장딸기,보리밥나무등28분류군,르등급에는 생달나무,감탕나무,육박나무 등7분류군등총35분류군이 확인되었다. 또한 귀화식물에는 물건리 방풍림에서 17분류군, 미조리 방풍림에서 9분류군이 조사되었으며, 귀화율은 각각9.7%,5.9%로 분석되었다.

Studies to evaluate distribution of markers in normal keratinocyte and their immortalized keratinocyte are appropriate to evaluate the normal and preneoplastic lesion of oral cancers as biochemical and cytochemical changes associate with tumorigenesis being not completely understood. Complementary DNA microarray containing 6000 sequence -verified cDNA elements was used to systematically characterize the variation in gene expression patterns of NHOK cells vs. immortalized keratinocyte by HPV16 E6-E7(IHOK). Examination of gene expression that is 85 clones cDNAs exhibits greater than 2 fold overexpression in NHOK probes relative to IHOK probe, 147 cDNAs reveal greater 2 fold overexpression in IHOK relative to NHOK probe.The high similarity in gene expression (96.5%) between IHOK and NHOK cells suggests that only an additional 232/6720 (3.5%) of the genome is differentially gene activated during HPV16 immoratlized keratinocyte growth and differentiation. Examination of gene expression that differs between NHOK and IHOK cellsapprear to be related to : cell adhesion & recognition, cell cycle regulator, apoptosis, transciption factors, growth factors and therir receptors, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins, signal transduction modulators and effectors, and miscellaneous. The gene expression of cell recognition factor such as endothelin 1, collagen IV, fibronectin, and SPR1 in IHOK were upregulated. Distinct or duplicated cDNA clones representing the same gene were typically clustered in adjacent rows in the clustered gene map. Therefore the differentially expressed and identified genes should be informative in studying oral epithelial cell carcinogenesis and such studies should foster the research of molecular markers allowing to assess the phenotypeof malignant epithelial tumor.

This study examined food culture appearing in Giroyeon paintings in the late Chosun Dynasty (early 17th~l9th century), a period under political and economical difficulties in overcoming frustrations and looking for self-restoration methods after Imjinweran(1592~1598) and Byungjahoran(1636~1637). Paintings related to Giroyeon include Lee Gi-ryong's (1600~?) 〈Namjiginohoedo〉 painted in 1629 under the reign of King Injo (1623~1649), 〈Gisasayeondo〉 painted jointly by Kim Jin-yeo et al. in 1720, the first year of King Gyeongjong (1720~1724) and Kim Hong-do's 〈Giroseryeongyedo〉 painted in 1804 under the reign of King Sunjo (1800~1834) in the early 19th century. These paintings over three centuries of the late Chosun show changes in the character of Giroyeon, food culture and tableware culture, etc. According to these paintings, the character of Giroyeon was expanded from a feast held for high civil officials to a banquet comprehending general civil servants. These paintings show Hyangeumjueui, which means the decorum of respecting and sowing the aged men of virtue with alcohol beverage, table manner, seated culture represented by cushions and mats and individual-table culture. In addition, the expansion of demand for sunbaikja and chungwhabaikja and the diversification of vessels and dishes are demonstrated in Giroyeon paintings after Imjinweran in 1592. in this way, Giroyeon paintings show the historical characteristics of the late Chosun Dynasty, such as the collapse of Yangban-centered political system, the disintegration of the medieval system due to the emergence of the Silhak and the diversification of food culture.