This study compares and analyzes the drogue shape applied to aerial refueling with the U.S. Navy drog shape through basic analysis of the model based on the flying fish shape, a marine creature. Flying fish is a creature that is advantageous for non-powered downhill, and this shape is applied to the probe feeding method to minimize the burden on the pilot and the need for refueling technology, which are disadvantages of the probe method. To this end, the results through analysis of basic studies were confirmed, and the superiority and insufficiency of the flying fish shape model and the US Navy drogue model were compared. Therefore, as confirmed through analysis, the flying fish model had a 14.1% lower maximum air pressure and a 9.1% faster maximum speed. Based on this, it is hoped that the advantages and disadvantages of flying fish shape models will be confirmed through actual flight tests in the future.

본 연구에서는 양액재배 시 발생되는 폐양액의 적절한 농업 적 이용방안을 강구하기 위해 폐양액의 비료 효과시험, 토양 컬럼 시험, 그리고 작물 재배시험을 수행하였다. 폐양액의 비 료 효과시험은 무기질소를 기준으로 질소비료와 폐양액의 토 양 처리에 따른 열무의 생육특성과 토양의 화학적 특성을 조 사하였다. 폐양액 비료 효과시험과 작물 재배시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리; A, 질소비료 100%; B, 질 소비료 70%+폐양액 30%; C, 질소비료 50%+폐양액 50%; D, 질소비료 30%+폐양액 70%; E 총 5개 처리구로 하였다. 토양컬럼 시험을 위한 토양에 대한 폐양액의 처리는 무처리, 질 소비료 100%, 폐양액 50%+질소비료 50% 3개 처리구로 하 였다. 폐양액의 화학성은 pH 6.0, EC 2.4dS·m-1, 총인(T-P) 28mg·L-1, 암모늄태 질소(NH4-N) 5.0mg·L-1, 질산태 질소 (NO3-N) 301mg·L-1로 나타났다. 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.51, EC 0.31dS·m-1, 유기물 2.08g·kg-1, 질산태 질소 9.64mg·kg-1, 암모늄태 질소 3.20mg·kg-1으로 나타났다. 질소비료 50% 이 하와 폐양액 50% 이상의 비율이 열무 생육에 효과가 높은 것 으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 질소비료와 함께 혼합하여 적용한 C-E 처리구에서 토양의 이화학성은 질소비료만을 적용한 B 처 리구와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 토양컬럼 시험 결과 질소비료 100%와 폐양액 50%+질산비료 50% 처리구의 NO3 와 NH4의 농도는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 폐양액을 화 학비료의 표준시비량을 기준으로 이용하여 토양에 처리하면 토양 내 질소 성분의 이동과 주변의 영향은 일반 화학비료와 유 사하게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 열무 토경재배에 폐양액과 질소비료를 혼합하여 사용하면 폐양액의 재이용으로 환경적 부담도 줄일 수 있고, 질소비료의 사용량도 줄일 수 있어 농가에 경제적 부담 감소와 열무 생산량 증대 효과도 기대할 수 있다.

This study evaluated the quality of school milk programs and analyzed the relative importance of school milk program selection attributes using conjoint analysis. The survey was conducted on students from middle and high schools in metropolitan cities that provide school milk programs. Responses were received from 414 students and the data was subjected to frequency analysis, t-test, and conjoint analysis using the SPSS Statistics Package. While evaluating white milk in the school milk program, middle school students rated ‘packaging condition’ (4.23) the highest, high school students rated ‘nutrition’ (4.64) the highest, and their evaluation of all the quality attributes was significantly different from that of middle school students (p<0.001). Overall satisfaction scores too, showed a significant difference between high school (4.46) and middle school students (4.01) (p<0.001). Processed milk & dairy products had the highest satisfaction score in the attribute of ‘serving time’ (4.57). The relative importance of the choice attributes of the school milk program was in the order of ‘number per item’ (62.260%), ‘temperature’ (25.708%), and ‘serving method’ (12.032%) for all students. The school milk program most preferred by all students and middle school students was to provide milk at a refrigerated temperature, select white milk three times a week, processed milk, fermented milk, and cheese twice a week, and provide it at the desired time.

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum supplementation ratio when replacing cotton seed meal with rapeseed meal for cultivating oyster mushrooms. The chemical properties among the treatments were pH 4.5~4.7, total carbon content was 46.3~46.5%, total nitrogen content was 1.6~1.7%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio was 27.0~27.8. These did not differ significantly from the control. Mycelial growth was 85.1 mm (Heuktari), and 72.8 mm (Suhan-1Ho) in medium containing 5% rapeseed meal, with no significant difference in mycelial density between cultivars. Fruiting body characteristics are as follows: In 'Heuktari', the color of the pileus was darker than control with an L value of 32.5, and pileus thickness and diameter were 3.2 mm and 27.6 mm, respectively. Stipe length and diameter were 86.0 mm and 9.1 mm, respectively. Valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 25.9, and a yield of 189.7 g/1,100 cc was recorded in mixed medium containing 5% rapeseed meal (higher than control). In mixed medium containing 10% rapeseed meal, the yield was 184.5 g/1,100 cc (comparable to control). In 'Suhan-1Ho', supplemented with 5% rapeseed meal, pileus color was darker than control color, with an L value of 28.8. Pileus thickness was 4.5 mm. Stipe diameter was 12.3 mm (higher than control), and yield was 145.5 g/1,100 cc (comparable to control).

This study was conducted to diversify the cultivation of mushroom items and develop a competitive variety of Hypsizigus marmoreus. We focused on developing Hypsizigus marmoreus with lower bitterness, likable shape, and high yield. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2019. Breeding (2019), characterization (2020), productivity test (2021), and farm demonstration test (2021) have been sequentially conducted. We bred the new variety ‘Yunseul’ with unique traits. The optimal temperature for mycelial and fruit body growth were 22–25oC and 15– 18oC, respectively. It was similar to the control variety (Mangadak-2Ho) in the pileus form (hemispherical shape) and the cultivation period. However, it was thinner and longer than the control variety with the pileus diameter, thickness, stipe diameter, and length being 19.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.4 mm, and 86.3 mm, respectively. The effective number of fruit bodies was 47.8 in bottle cultivation, which was more than that of the control variety. The yield was 197.4 g/bottle (1,100 cc), which was 30% higher than the yield of the control variety, 151.9 g/bottle (1,100 cc). The parent and control varieties were also incubated alongside the new variety. The somatic incompatibility line was distinct. The band pattern in the mycelial DNA PCR reaction was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of biased cultivation and to pursue the diversification of mushroom items. We focused on developing Sparassis latifolia varieties with a short cultivation period, stable pinheading, and a high yield. We have collected and determined the characteristics of genetic resources domestically and abroad since 2016. We bred the unique domestic variety, “Hanyeoul” and the results of this study are as follows. The optimal temperatures for mycelial growth and fruit body growth were 22~25oC and 19~21oC, respectively. The color of the pileus was pale-yellowish white, which was similar to the color of the control variety, “Neoul”. The number of days required for cultivation was 125 for bottle cultivation and 98~102 for bag cultivation, which was shorter than the number of days required for the control variety. Bottle cultivation took 39 days shorter for the new variety than the control variety. The fruiting body of the new variety was similar in size or larger than that of the control variety. The pinheading rate was more than 90% in bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, which was more stable than pinheading in the control variety. The yield was 79.1 g/bottle (1,100 cc) for bottle cultivation, which was 22.6% higher than the yield of the control variety, and 641.1~689.5 g/bag (2.6 kg) for bag cultivation, which 5.8~10.4% higher than yield of the control variety.

This study reports the results of an open-ended questionnaire on the experiences of Korean university students who worked on task-based L2 bimodal collaborative writing enhanced by technology. Thirty-six English major students developed a reading text for 2nd-grade middle school students. Using Microsoft TEAMS as the main platform, participants conducted the collaborative writing task using real-time video conferencing, chatting, commenting, file and image posting, and (a)synchronous feedback/revision functions. Participants 1) used multiple tools to maximize their functions, 2) interacted collaboratively in every writing stage to achieve success, and 3) evaluated the quality of collaborative writing more highly than individual writing and perceived the positive impacts of collaborative writing on L2 writing in audience awareness, paraphrasing technique, and linguistic expressions. The levels of visual editing skills and awareness of online image copyright among students varied.

A heat exchanger refers to a pressure vessel that indirectly exchanges heat between low-temperature/ high-temperature fluids with a solid wall interposed therebetween, and a shell-and-tube cylindrical heat exchanger is generally applied. The shell-and-tube cylindrical heat exchanger is widely used in ships and there is a problem in that the welding area is narrow and welding defects occur a lot due to high-level welding. In particular, in the case of a ship heat exchanger, if a problem occurs in the welding part during operation, the possibility of a safety accident is high, and repair is not easy. In this study, to solve this problem, the GTAW(Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) method was applied to secure the optimum conditions for pipe welding of STS304 material with a thickness of 5.5mm and to conduct a test. Afterwards, in accordance with the ASME rules, welding performance was verified through cross-sectional observation of welds, mechanical property tests, (tensile strength, bending strength, cryogenic impact strength) and non-destructive testing(PT, RT).

The study was aimed to investigate the operational meal costs by kindergarten size in Seoul and to analyze recognition for optimal meal prices. A survey (31.6% recovery rate) was conducted on all kindergartens (779 kindergartens) in Seoul on April 2021 using descriptive analysis, t-test, and dispersion method. A price sensitivity measurement (psm) method was used to determine optimal meal prices. Result showed an average food cost for kindergartens of 2,647 won, an average labor cost of 605 won, an average operating cost of 146 won, and the total meal cost of 3,506 won. Total meal cost decreased with increasing kindergarten size (p<0.001). On the other hand, kindergartens with more students decreased the ratio of food cost to total meal cost, and operating cost and labor costs (p<0.001) increased. The optimal price of kindergarten operators' meal cost (OPP) was KRW 3,673. Furthermore, the analysis showed the sensitivity of operators' meal costs to kindergarten size was insignificant.

The study investigated the chemical components, antioxidant activities, and glucose-regulating enzyme activities of red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). On a dry weight the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrate were 7.36, 28.0, 4.33, 19.63, 10.84 and 40.52%. The contents of mineral were Na (772.39 mg/100 g), K (5,686.03 mg/100 g), Mg (307.48 mg/100 g), Ca (804.94 mg/100 g), Fe (8.61 mg/100 g), and P (1,145.24 mg/100 g). Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (793.80, 363.06, 1,156.86 mg/100 g,), total carotenoid (171.82 mg/100 g), and anthocyanin (79.49 mg/100 g) contents were measured. Antioxidant activities were analyzed for water and 70% ethanol extract. The polyphenol contents 23.67, 32.58 GAE mg/g, and flavonoid contents were 18.15, 28.76 RE mg/g, respectively. The DPPH scavenging activity IC50 was 694.48, 76.12, μg/mL, and the ABTS scavenging activity IC50 1,154.90, 566.00 μg/mL, respectively. In reducing power, the 70% ethanol extract showed a higher reducing power. In α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity IC50, the 70% ethanol extract (5.87, 17.91 mg/mL, respectively) showed a higher than water extract (8.87, 100 < mg/mL, respectively). This study is expected to provide basic data for developing functional food ingredients for red chicory.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to reduce greenhouse gases and prevent potholes on roads by evaluating the performances of hot and warm mixed asphalt mixtures. METHODS : Quality tests were conducted using an appropriate aggregate ratio of the asphalt mixture. The tests for comparing the warm mixed asphalt mixture are the indirect tensile strength and toughness, Marshall stability and flow, tensile strength ratio, and dynamic immersion test. A performance evaluation was conducted using a mixture that satisfied the quality test results. A performance evaluation test was also conducted using the dynamic modulus and Hamburg wheel tracking test. To analyze the performance based on the amine content, the performance was compared with that of a hot mixed asphalt mixture. RESULTS : All tests for the mixture results satisfied the standard values. The optimal amine content was analyzed through the high and low frequencies of the dynamic modulus test results and stripping inflection point with the final rut depth of the Hamburg wheel tracking test. The dynamic modulus test results demonstrated better crack resistance and plastic deformation when a high amine content ratio was used. The Hamburg wheel-tracking test showed water resistance and plastic deformation resistance. The test results of the Hamburg wheel tracking indicated better deformation resistance and water resistance when a high amine content ratio was used. CONCLUSIONS : The plastic deformation and crack resistance increased with an increase in amine content. Analysis of the comprehensive test revealed that the optimal amine content was between that of additives B(50%) and C(65%). Tests with a granular amine content are planned to confirm the specific components. Also planned are a simplified viscoelastic continuum damage test and a semicircular bending test to evaluate the performance better.

본 연구는 코로나바이러스 감염증-19(이하 코로나19) 팬데믹 상황에서 간호대학생의 취업불안 에 코로나19에 대한 지식과 두려움이 어떠한 영향을 주는지 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구대상자는 간호대학에 재학 중인 1학년에서 4학년까지 157명이었으며, 자료수집은 2021년 12월 9일부터 2022년 2월 21일까지 연구에 동의한 간호대학생을 대상으로 시행하였다. 수집된 자료의 일반적 특성에 따른 취업불안 정도의 차이는 Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA로 분석하였고, 변수 간의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation coefficient로, 간호대학생의 취업불안에 영향을 미치는 요인은 단계적 다중회귀 방법을 사용하 여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 연구대상자들의 취업불안은 코로나19에 대한 두려움(r=.386, p<.001)과 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며, 간호대학생의 취업불안을 예측할 수 있는 주요한 요인은 코로나19 에 대한 두려움과 대학 생활 만족도였다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 코로나19에 의한 간호대학생의 취업불안을 줄이기 위해서 취업을 준비하는 학생들에게 두려움을 줄이고 긍정적 정서를 향상할 수 있는 다양한 프로그 램을 마련할 필요가 있다.

본 연구는 전화코칭을 병행한 운동프로그램이 지역사회 거주 독거노인의 균형능력, 악력 및 우 울에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위한 단일집단 사전사후 원시실험연구이다. 연구대상자는 경기도 S시에 위치 한 노인복지관에 등록된 독거노인 20명이 참여하였으며, 자료수집기간은 2021년 7월 03일부터 2021년 10 월 14일까지 총 12회기 프로그램을 시행하였다. 프로그램 전후에 대상자 가정에 직접 방문하여 4단계 균형 검사, 근력검사, 악력 및 우울을 측정하였다. 중재 프로그램은 탄력밴드와 악력볼을 이용하여 구성하였으며 매주 전화코칭 중재를 제공하였다. 연구결과, 전화코칭을 병행한 운동 프로그램은 대상자의 4단계 균형기 능(3단계)(t=-2.37, p=.029), 4단계 균형기능(4단계)(t=-2.46, p=.024), 우측 악력(t=-2.18, p=.042), 우울 (t=2.82, p<.001)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 전화코칭을 병행한 운 동프로그램은 독거노인의 균형능력, 악력 향상 및 우울 감소를 위한 간호중재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기 대된다.

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)