Pyroprocessing에 의한 사용후핵연료 처리 과정에서 방사성 희토류 염화물이 포함된 폐용융염이 발생된 다. 이러한 폐 용융염 내에 존재하는 방사성 희토류 염화물을 산화물로 침전시켜 회수함으로서 용융염을 재 생할 수 있다. 최종적으로 발생되는 방사성 희토류 산화물의 저장과 처분에 적합한 monolithic 고화체를 제 조하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 고상 소결에 의해 붕규산 유리에 의한 고화체 제조, 희토류 산화물을 모나자이트로 합성한 후 붕규산 유리에 의한 고화체 제조를 수행하였다. 또한 zinc titanate 세라믹 이 주요성분인 고화 매질(ZIT)을 개발하여 고화체를 제조하였으며 각각의 고화체에 대한 침출 및 물리화학 적 특성을 비교 평가하였다. 고상 소결에 의해 제조된 ZIT 매질 고화체는 내 침출성이 크며 밀도가 크고 열전 도도가 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum), especially its fruit, possesses a vast ethnomedical history and represents a phytochemical reservoir of heuristic medical value. The tree and fruit can be divided into several anatomical compartments, and the fruit juice, peel and oil are known to be weakly estrogenic and heuristically of interest for treatment of menopausal symptoms and sequellae. In this study, analysis of estrogen in pomegranate extract was carried out with LC/MS/MS. Three batches of pomegranate extract samples were used to analysis the target compounds (estrogen). The contents of estrogen derivatives in the samples were 38.6 ppb of estriol, 83.5 ppb of estrone,and 10.9 ppb of estradiol. This result suggests that the pomegranate extract can used for treatment of menopause symptoms in the woman.

The purpose of this study is to optimize an emission test method for building materials and to understand the characteristics of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and carbonyl compounds emission from building materials, especially solid-phase building materials, using a small chamber test method. As a result of the evaluation for small chamber system, temperature and humidity was maintained constantly at 24.5℃, 50.2%. The background concentration of total volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde were also controlled below 20 ㎍/㎥ and 0.5 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Air leakage of emission test chamber and the duplicate precision between two emission test chambers were satisfied. As a result of evaluation for sampling and analysis system (such as the breakthrough test), repeatability of response factor, and retention time in GC/MS and HPLC, desorption efficiency, method detection limits were excellent. The concentration of total volatile organic compounds emitted from wallpapers (made of PVC) was higher at 25℃ than at 23℃. Also, the concentration of formaldehyde emitted from floorings made from non-PVC (wood-based) was higher at 25℃ than at 23℃. On the other hand, there was not a significant difference between the concentrations of total volatile organic compounds emission from wallpaper (made of PVC) which was stored for 2 weeks at 25℃ and 4℃ with tight sealing. In conclusion, emission characteristics of TVOC and formaldehyde from solid-phase building materials would be expected to apply to the plan for the management of indoor air quality.

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powders were synthesized via mechanochemical solid reaction using with three types of aluminum compounds. reacted mechanochemically with all A1 compounds and formed YAM (yttrium aluminum monoclinic), YAG and YAP (yttrium aluminum perovskite) phases depending on the starting materials. The ground samples containing showed the best reactivity, whereas the ground sample containing A100H, which had the largest surface area, exhibited pure YAG after calcination at . The sample containing Al had the least reactivity, producing YAP along with YAG at . The types and grinding characteristics of the starting materials and grinding time are believed to be important factors in the mechanochemical synthesis of YAG.

A liquid chromatographic method, using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is developed for the extraction of residual furazolidone in chicken eggs. Blank or fortified egg samples (0.5 g) were blended with Octadecylsilyl (Bulk C,,, 40 pm, 18%. load, endcapped. 2 g) derivatized silica. After homogenization, C,,/egg and Na2S0, matrix were transferred to a column made of 10 ml glass synnge and filter paper and compressed 4.0-4.5 ml volume. The column was washed with 8 ml of hexane and dried under N, gas. Furazolidone was eluted with acetonitrile (8 ml) under gravity. The eluate containing furazolidone was free from interfering compounds when analyzed by HPLC with UV detection (365 nm, photodiode array). Calibration curves were linear (r = 0.99985) and inter- (1.47%) and intra-assay (5.29%) variabilities for the concentration range examined (7.8-497 ngig of eggs, 20 pl injection volume) were indicative of an acceptable methodology for the analysis of furazolidone. Average recovery of furazolidone added to egg was 96.2%. The limit of detection for the proposed method was 1 ng/g for furazolidone. The method using MSPD is proposed as an alternative assay to the classical method which involves the use of large volumes of a harmful solvent and requires a long tedious separation and clean-up processes prior to its determination.

우리나라의 고유한 향신료로 활용되고 있는 소엽의 휘발성 향기성분 분석에 적합한 solid phase microextraction(SPME) fiber를 선정하기 위하여 carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane(CAR/PDMS)과 polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)의 2종류 fiber를 이용하여 향을 추출한 후 GC/MS로 분석하였다. CAR/PDMS fber에 소엽의 향을 흡착시켜 분석한 결과, 39종의 성분이 확인되었으며, PDMS fiber를 이용하였을 때는 20가지의 향기성분이 확인되었다. 특히 PDMS fiber를 사용하였을 때 CAR/PDMS fber를 이용하였을 때 보다 perillaldehyde (40.50%), limonene (27.32%), E,E-,α-famesene (10.22%) 및 β-caryophyllene (8.02%)의 소엽의 주요 향기성분이 선택적으로 많이 확인되었다. 따라서 방향성 식용식물인 소엽의 향기를 SPME법으로 추출할 때는 PDMS fiber가 적합하다고 판단된다.

Dermorphin is a hepta peptide(H-Tyr-DAla-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2)with exceptionally potent and long-lasting peripheral and central activity. Dermorphin analogues, dermorphionyl(DMP)-Lys-NH2 and DMP-Lys-Lys-NH2 have been prepared in order to examine the effect of opiod activity. Dermorphin analogues were synthesized by the solid phase method. The crude peptide was purified by gel filter on a Sephadex LH-20, characterized with HPLC and amino acid analyzer. Analgesic potency was estimated by writhing syndrome method and Randall-Selitto method. As a result, dermorphin analogues have lower potency than that of morphine.

Solid phase micro extraction(SPME)법의 최적조건 실험 및 SPME로 추출된 산초(Zanthoxylum schinifolium)의 휘발성 성분을 GC/MSD로 확인하였다. 휘발성 성분 추출에 자주 이용되는 동시증류추출(SDE)법으로 산초의 휘발성분을 분석하여 SP-ME 법에서 확인된 휘발성 성분과 조성비를 비교하였다. SPME 최적조건 시험에서 분자량이 적고 비점이 낮은 성분은 온도가 증가할수록 화이버에 흡착되는 양은 적게 나타났으며, 분자량이 크고 비점이 높은 성분은 추출시간이 증가할수록 흡착되는 양은 증가하였다. SPME 최적조건인 추출시간 30분과 50℃에서 분리된 휘발성 성분에서는 limonene(14.65%), geranyl acetate(11.07%), β-phellandrene(7.42%), 및 phellandral(3.08%) 등의 monoterpenoids 화합물과 caproic acid(11.99%), caprylic acid(8.01%), heptanoic acid(3.49%) 등의 지방산 화합물이 주요 성분으로 확인되었고, SDE법으로 추출된 휘발성 성분에서는 geranyl acetate(13.31%), limonene(12.81%) β-phellandrene(8.86%), trans-geraniol(5.22%) 및 caprylic acid(3.03%) 등의 화합물이 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 지방산 성분들은 SPME법에서 높게 나타난 반면에 알코올 성분들은 SDE법보다 낮았다. SPME법은 적은 양의 시료로도 매우 신속하고 간단하게 전처리 할 수 있기 때문에 기존의 휘발성분 분석시 주로 사용한 SDE법에 비해 편리하며 경제적인 것으로 생각된다.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used for the determination of 6 standard solvents (methanol, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, toluene) in food packaging materials. SPME method is a solvent-free sample preparation technique in which a fizsed silica fiber coated with polymeric organic liquid is introduced into the headspace above the sample. SPME method using fiber coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was compared with static headspace (SHS) method used as a reference. It was found that the optimal adsorption condition using PDMS-SPME method was 20 for 15 minutes for the standard solvents. Detection limits, linearity, reproducibility, and recovery of both SHS and PDMS-SPME methods have been determined using 6 standard solvents. Both methods were characterized by high reproducibility and good linearity. Using SHS method, the mean recovery of the 6 standard solvents was ranged from 75.5% to 105.8% with a mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.3% to 4.8%. With PDMS-SPME method, the mean recovery of the 6 standard solvents was ranged from 86.7% to 108.3% with a mean RSD of 0.4% to 2.5%. The detection limits of both methods were the same for toluene, cyclohexane and methyl ethyl ketone; those of PDMS-SPME method were higher than those of SHS method for methanol, isopropanol and ethyl acetate. PDMS-SPME fiber showed excellent adsorption for non-polar solvents such as toluene, while it showed relatively low adsorption for polar solvents such as methanol.

A simple, rapid and simultaneous analytical method is described for the detection of Sulfonamide and Tetracycline residues, i.e., Sulfamerazine (SMR), Sulfamethazine (SMT), Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), Sulfadimethoxine (SDM), Sulfaquinoxaline (SQN), Oxytetracycline (OXY), Tetracycline (TC), Chlortetracycline (CTC). Blank control and sulfonamide and tetracycline fortified fish muscle samples (0.5 g) were blended with octadecylsilyl (C,e, 40 gm, 21% load, 60Å) derivatized silica packing material (2 g). Blended fish samples were washed with hexane, then, benzene and dichloromethane were used for the elution of tetracycline and sulfonamide, respectively, The eluants containg tetracycline and sulfonamide were analyzed by HPLC. Correlation coefficients of standard curves for individual sulfonamide and tetracycline isolated from fortified samples were linear (0.9993±0.0003-0.9997±0.0003, 0.9493±0.078-0.9753±0.036), respectively, The average percentage recoveries of sulfonamide and tetracycline ranged as 80.86-96.52% to 85.88-92.23%, and 30.01-37.12% to 65.89-73.40%, for the concentration range (0.1--1.0 ppm) examined, respectively. Limit of detection for sulfonamide was 0. 05 ug/g, then, tetracycline was 0.1 ug/g. Detection of quantitation of sulfonamide residue was 0.0012 ppm for SMR in Paralichthys Odiuacleus and 0.0020 ppm for SMR, 0.015 ppm for SMM in Cyprinus Carpio. The applicability of this procedure is demonstrated by separation and detection of incurred tetracycline and sulfonamide residues in fish muscle tissue.

(100) Si 기판위에 전자 빔 증착법을 이용하여 90Å두께의 Ti과 120Å두께의 Co를 순차적으로 증착시켰다. 그 후 질소분위기하의 350-900˚C온도구간에서 급속열처리함으로써 (100) Si 기판위의 Co/Ti 이중 박막의 실리사이드화 반응이 일어나게 했으며 이를 XRD, AES, TEM을 이용하여 분석하였다. 500˚C이하의 온도에서는 Co원자들이 Ti층쪽으로 빠르게 확산하여 Si와 반응하기 이전에 Ti원자들과 상호 혼합되어 어떠한 실리사이드도 형성되지 않았다. 500˚C에서 열처리된 시편의 고분해능전자현미경 영상을 통해 Co-Ti 혼합층과 실리콘 기판과의 계면에서 (100)Si 기판과 정합관계를 가지는 CoSi2가 형성되었음을 확인했다. 600˚C열처리에 의해 Co-Ti-Sitka성분 실리사이드가 형성되기 시작하였으며, 형성된 삼성분 실리사이드는 Ti의 out-diffusion에 의해 900˚C 이상의 온도에서는 불안정하였다. Co/Ti이중 박막에 의해 형성된 CoSi2는 실리콘 기판과 평탄한 계면을 가지며 실리콘 기판에 대해 (100)우선성장방위를 가졌다.

비정질 실리콘박막의 고상결정화 특성에 대한 비정질 박막의 증착방법, 수소화 정도, 표면결정 활성화 에너지 변화 및 열처리 환경 영향을 X선 회절, EDAX, Raman 분광 분석으로 조사하였다. 저온(580˚C)열처리 corning 시료에서 기판 barium(Ba), aluminum(AI) 성분의 막내 확산 임계열처리시간 및 확산에 기인 한 불안정 결정화 특성을 관찰하였다. 화학기상증착 석영 수소화 시료에서 hard damage 기계적 활성화 효과로 얻어진 조대결정립 결정화 특성을 X선 회절의 (111) 배향 상대강도 변화로 관찰 할 수 있었으며, 이는 활성화 효과에 의한 고상 결정화 시 핵생성과 성장속도변화로 다결정 실리콘의 전기적물성 향상 가능성을 보여주었다. Soft damage, bare 활성화 처리 수소화막의 결정화는 비정질 상의 혼재, 박막 응력등의 저품위 입계특성 및 미세결정립 성장 특성으로 관찰되었으나, 활성화 전처리에 의한 저온 및 고온(875˚C)단시간(30분) 결정화는 확인 되었다. 스퍼터링 비수소화 막의 결정화는 상변태 상태의 Raman 결정피크로 분석 되었으며, 결정화 거동에 선행막의 스퍼터링 및 비수소화 영향은 활성화효과에 관계없이 불완전 저품위 결정특성으로 확인되었다. AFM 표면형상은 3차원 island 성막특성을 보여주었고 표면거칠기정도는 높은 것으로 관찰되었다.

DSC와 XRD를 사용하여 Zr/Si 다층박막의 고상반응에 의한 비정질상과 결정상 생성 및 상전이를 확인하고 이를 유효구동력 개념과 유효생성열 개념 및 phase determining factor(PDF)모델을 이용하여 예측한 결과와 비교하였다. Zr/Si 다층박막은 비정질호 반응이 잘 일어났으며 이는 유효구동력 개념으로 예측한 바와 일치하였다. Zr/Si 계에서 생성되는 최초의 결정상은 ZrSi 였으며 유효생성열과 PDF모델로부터 예측된 최초의 결정상은 PDF 모델의 예측 결과와 일치하였다. Zr/Si 다층박막의 원자조성비가 1대 1일경우와 1대 2일 경우의상전이는 ZrSi→ZrSi2로 되었으며 이러한 상전이 과정은 유효생성열 다이아그램으로 해석되었다. ZrSi의 생성기구는 핵생성이 율속임을 규명하였고 ZrSi와 ZrSi2의 생성에 필요한 활성화에너지는 1.64±0.19eV와 2.28±0.36eV이었다.

Co/Si계에서 고상확산에 의하여 비정질상이 생성되는지의 여부를 유효구동력 개념을 이용하여 예측하였으며 유효생성열 개념 및 PDF모델로부터 결정상의 생성과 상전이를 예측하였다. 한편, DSC와 XRD를 이용하여 Co/Si다층박막에서의 비정질상의 생성여부와 결정상의 생성 및 상전이를 확인하여 모델로부터 예측한 결과와 비교하였다. Co/si계에서는 비정질상이 성장하지 않았으며 이는 유효구동력 개념으로부터 예측된 결과와 일치하였다. Co/Si계에서 생성되는 최초의 결정상은 CoSi였으며 유효생성열과 PDF모델로부터 예측된 최초의 결정상은 각각 CO2Si와 CoSi였다. 따라서 Co/Si계에서 생성되는 최초의 결정상은 구조적인 요소를 고려해 PDF모델의 예측결과와 잘 일치하였다. 증착당시 Co와 Si의 조성비가 2대 1일경우와 1대 2일 경우의 상전이는 각각 CoSi → Co2Si와 CoSi → Co2Si → CoSi → CoSi2의 초기단계의 생성기구는 각각 핵생성이 율속이었으며, 이들의 생성에 필요한 활성화에너지는 각각 1.71, 2.34, 2.79eV이었다.

This study was conducted to compare the volatile flavor compounds of Artemisia annua L. after extraction by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE) and solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Via SDE and SPME processes, 79 (1,254.00 mg/kg) and 39 (488.74 mg/kg) compounds were identified respectively. The compounds extracted by SDE included 27 alcohols, 13 aldehydes, 22 hydrocarbons, 3 esters, 12 ketones, 1 oxide and 1 N-containing compound, on the other hand, using the SPME method, 7 alcohols, 5 aldehydes, 1 ester, 18 hydrocarbons, 7 ketones, and 1 oxide were extracted. The major volatile flavor compounds of Artemisia annua L. isolated by the two methods were caryophyllene oxide, -caryophyllene, camphor, -selinene, -muurolene, 1,8-cineol, (E)-pinocarveol and pinocarvone. β β γ The sesquiterpene named caryophyllene oxide was the most abundant volatile flavor compound with relative contents of 234.16 mg/kg and 195.44 mg/kg obtained by the SDE and SPME methods, respectively. Among the identified volatiles, sabinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, yomogi alcohol, myrtenol, (Z)-nerolidol, p-cymen-8-ol and eugenol were detected by the SDE method only while (E)-anethole and α-cubebene were detected by the SPME method only. This study confirmed that the composition and contents of the volatile flavor compounds vary between different extraction methods. More volatile flavor compounds were identified using the SDE method than the SPME method.

Various efforts have been made to increase use of renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Korea as economic and population growth have increased. Bio-energy is a renewable form of energy unlike fossil fuels and is not included in greenhouse gases because it is carbon neutral (sometimes referred to as “climate neutral”) and is exempted from total CO2 emissions. In this study, we determined the low heating value (kcal/kg) and elemental composition using the biogenic content of “wood” and a solid recovered fossil fuel “polyethylene product” to confirm the solid recovered fuel value. Biomass content was also determined using the selective dissolution method and 14C-method (AMS). Additionally, we developed a gas sampling system to collect gases emitted after combustion at 850oC to determine biomass content by AMS.

The solid phase extractant SAN-D2EHPA/TBP containing two extractants of Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and Tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP) was prepared by immobilizing two exractants D2EHPA and TBP in styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). The prepared SAN-D2EHPA/TBP was characterized by using fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The solid phase extractant SAN-D2EHPA/TBP was tested for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Experiments were carried out as a function of the pH and Cu(II) concentration in the aqueous phase. The equilibrium time was 180 min and equilibrium experiment data obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model represented the experiment data as well. The maximum removal capacity of Cu(II) calculated from Langmuir isotherm model was 3.1 mg/g.

The feasibility of PS-D2EHPA/TBP beads prepared by immobilizing two extractants D2EHPA and TBP in polysulfone to remove Sr(II) from aqueous solution was investigated in batch system. Batch experiments were carried out to study equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Equilibrium data were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich– Peterson, and Dubinin-Radushkevich equation models at temperatures of 298 K, 313 K, and 328 K. The removal capacity of Sr(II) by PS-D2EHPA/TBP beads obtained from Langmuir model was 2.41 mg/g at 298 K. The experimental data were well represented by pseudo-second-order model. The removal process of Sr(II) by PS-D2EHPA/TBP beads prepared in this study was found to be feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous.