This study was a survey of consumer awareness and attitudes about genetically modified foods and their labeling regulations. Questionnaires were distributed to 4,620 consumers who lived in different areas of Korea, and 4,076 people responded. The consumers were asked about knowledge, labeling information, and their sources of information about GM foods. Respondents from Seoul, Jeonnam, and Gyeongnam answered mostly "nearly don't know > moderate > never know > know a little." Respondents from Gyeonggi answered "moderate > nearly don't know > never know > know a little." According to occupation, housewives, company employees, consultants, and students answered mostly "nearly don't know > moderate > never know > know a little. "Consumers answered about the intent to buy GM foods differently according to area, occupation, and education. Seoul and Gyeonggi residents said that reinforcing factors to relieve the insecurity of GM foods were "evaluating safety > management of GM foods by the government > GM food regulation system." There were other answers according to area, occupation, and education. About GM-related education methods that they wished to have, residents of the Seoul area said "books/leaflets" most often, but residents of the Gyounggi area said "attending a lecture" most often. Housewives also said "attending a lecture," but teachers and students said "Internetbased education" most often. About the kinds of education that they could join, Seoul residents answered "consumer groups > school parents > public institutions," but Gyeonggi and Chungnam area residents answered "public institutions > consumer groups > school parents." Housewives and students answered "consumer groups" most often, but consultants and private business owners answered "public institutions" most often. We realized that different education methods were necessary for different areas, occupations, and education levels.

Nowadays, many countries have strived to promote prospective industries and occupations at the national level under the global circumstances such as green growth, job creation and so on. For this reason, the decision making method for qualifications foresight which will be available for the mentioned category-prospective industry and occupation- is required for it's feasibility. Pilot surveys on future workforce demand and promotion policies on service industries which are selected as a prospective industry or occupation by government parties were conducted through this research. Based on them, available qualifications-including not only national(skill) qualification but also private qualification- which can be created for prospective industries and occupations related to green growth and job creation were predicted. On the other hand, observing the change of service industry, occupation and qualification abroad, this research attempts to present the decision making method for verifying the decision' validity on qualification in Korean service industry and related occupation. Applying multicriteria decision making, a preference was examined for checking the validity of the created qualifications by prospective service industries and occupations in both sides-experts and laypeople. Based on it's result, the research was conducted regarding a validity of new qualifications in prospective industries and occupations.

서론 : 본 연구는 시각장애인 근로자를 대상으로 인간작업모델을 적용하여 시각장애인의 직업 유지 과정과 어려움을 파악하고, 개입 방법을 소개하여 향후 시각장애인의 직업 적응과 유지를 위한 효과적인 개입 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 본론 : 2009년 3월부터 11월까지 안마사로 취업한 시각장애인 근로자 1명을 대상으로 인간작업모델에 기초한 면담과 작업환경인식평가(Work Environment Impact Scale)를 실시하였고, 대상자가 취업한 업체의 사업주와 관리자 각 1명씩을 대상으로 면담을 실시하여 문제점을 파악하였다. 인간작업모델의 치료 전략을 활용하여 개입하였고, 개입 후 면담과 사후 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과 시각장애인의 작업환경에 대한 인식에 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 결론 : 직업재활 과정에서 인간작업모델을 적용하는 것은 대상자를 보다 전인적이고 종합적으로 판단할 수 있는 근거가 되며, 대상자를 바라보는 관점을 변화시키고 다양한 해결 방법을 제시하여 작업치료서비스의 전문성과 질을 향상 시키고, 관련 영역을 확대 하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

목적 : 뇌병변 환자에게 집단 작업치료프로그램을 실시하여 개별 작업치료만 받는 환자와 집단 작업치료프로그램을 병행하여 받는 환자들의 상지기능, 인지∙지각기능 및 일상생활동작에 미치는 영향을 비교, 분석하여 집단 작업치료프로그램 적용 효과를 규명하고 효과적인 프로그램을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 2008년 5월부터 10월까지 전통적 치료방법인 개별작업치료만 받는 뇌병변 환자 70명을 대상으로 8주 동안 주 5회 60분씩 총 40회의 치료를 실시하였으며, 치료적 활동프로그램이 포함된 집단작업치료프로그램에 참여하기를 동의한 환자 30명을 대상으로 8주동안 주4회 개별치료와 주1회 60분씩 집단치료를 실시하였다. 결과 : 개별작업치료만 받는 환자군에 비하여 집단작업치료프로그램을 병행하여 받은 환자군이 상지기능, 인지∙지각기능과 일상생활 수행기능이 통계적으로 유의하게 높아졌다. 결론 : 전통적 치료방법인 개별작업치료만 받는 환자군에 비하여 치료적 활동프로그램이 포함된 집단작업치료프로그램을 병행하여 받은 환자들의 치료 효과가 더 높았음을 나타내고 있다. 앞으로 보다 많은 대상으로 집단 작업치료프로그램 개발 및 치료효과를 입증할 수 있는 연구가 이루어지기를 바란다.

목적 : 이 연구는‘2004 생활시간조사’에서의 행동분류를 작업영역에 따라 분류한 후, 한국인의 생애주기별로 작 업영역에 따른 시간사용량을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 :‘2004 생활시간조사’의 원자료 중 12세 이상인 대상자 총 30,437명의 시간 사용량을 사용하였다. 생 애주기는 청소년초기, 청소년후기, 성인초기, 성인기, 노인기로 구분하였고, OTPF에 의한 작업영역으로 원자료의 행동을 재분류하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 모든 일과 수단적 일상생활활동은 성인기에, 교육은 청소년초기에 시간사용량이 높았고, 휴식 및 수면 시간 사용량은 노인기에 가장 높았다. 여가는 노년기의 시간사용량이 증가되었는데 야외활동 보다 실내 활동이 더 증가 되는 양상을 보였다. 성인기의 남자에게서는 일에서, 여자는 수단적 일상생활활동에서 시간사용량이 높았다. 결론 : 이 연구결과를 통하여 성별, 생애주기별 작업영역에서의 시간사용량에 차이가 있었음을 파악할 수 있었다. 그러므로 앞으로 작업치료에서 작업균형에 대한 작업치료 중재 시 비교자료로 활용이 가능하고, 생애주기와 남녀 차이에 따라 고려하는 것이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

목적 : 연구의 목적은 우리나라 노인들의 문화와 정서에 적합한 활동척도를 개발하여 남녀 노인의 활동 수준과 의미 있는 활동을 비교하고, 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 관련성을 규명하였다. 연구방법 : 연구의 대상은 60세 이상 남자 노인 199명, 여자 노인 258명으로 총 457명이 참여하였으며, 노인생활만족척도를 사용하여 노인의 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 또한 노인의 활동수준은 평가를 위해 한국판 활동척도를 개발하여 연구에 이용하였다. 결과 : 노인의 수행 활동을 성별로 비교하여 볼 때 여자 노인은 수단적 일상생활을 남자 노인은 고강도 신체활동을 더 많이 하였으며, 노인의 활동과 삶의 질과의 상관관계를 통하여 남, 여, 전체 노인에서 수단적 일상생활, 저강도 신체활동, 고강도 신체활동, 사회활동에 많이 참여할수록 삶의 질은 높았다. 최종적으로 위계적 다중선형회귀분석을 통하여 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 주는 요인으로는 전체 노인의 경우 연령, 건강상태, 생활수준, 노후설계 준비기간, 사회활동이, 남자 노인의 경우 건강상태, 배우자 유무, 생활수준, 노후설계 준비기간이 삶의 질을 예측할 수 있는 요인으로 작용하였으며, 여자 노인의 경우 연령, 건강상태, 생활수준, 노후 설계 준비기간, 사회활동이 삶의 질을 예측할 수 있는 요인으로 작용하였다. 결론 : 연구 결과를 토대로 남녀 노인에 적합한 성별에 따른 차별화된 활동을 개발하고 1차, 2차, 3차 예방 사업에 사회활동 요소를 포함하여야 할 것이다. 향후 전국 조사를 통하여 우리나라 노인들을 대상으로 활동 수준과 삶의 질과의 관련성을 규명할 수 있는 다양한 연구들이 수행되어야 할 것이며, 작업치료적 관점에서 장애 노인을 대상으로한 활동의 변화와 삶의 질에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것을 제언한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the articles of food and nutrition published in the Yeo-Sung magazines from 1936 to 1940 in Korea. Out of the 67 articles about the food and the nutrition from the Yeo-Sung magazines, 28 (41.8%) of them were about the brief information of food and nutrition news, 16 (23.8%) of them were about the recipes, 6 (9.0%) were about the nutrition information, and 17 (25.4%) of them were about others. As the number of recipes mentioned from the Yeo-Sung magazine was 103, 77 items, the majority, were about the Korean foods, 18 of the Western foods, 6 of Chinese foods, and only 2 of Japanese foods. This result showed that the Japanese colonization didn't seem to influence on Korean tastes and gastronomy. During this period, the modernization caused the numerous changes to our traditional cuisine with introduction of new western menu items and concept of nutrition. The nutrition articles highly recommended eating brown rice, vegetables, tofu, and the white meat. Shin-Young Bang, one of the main authors, insisted that "Cookery is not only the skill, but also the one of the very important academic sciences." showed budding modern cookery sciences in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to analyze post-liberation Korean Physical Education (P.E) and the effect of US forces' occupation on the P.E curriculum development and delivery. Physical Education during the US Army-occupied era has had positive and negati

본 논문의 목적은 인간작업모델(The Model of Human Occupation: MOHO)을 이론적 틀로 하여 개발된 근로 자역할인식 면담도구(Worker Role Interview: WRI)를 소개하고, 향후 국내에서의 적극적인 사용을 제안하기 위한 것이다. WRI를 이용한 면담조사를 준비하기 위하여 2006년 9월부터 12월까지 WRI Version 9.0의 매뉴얼을 한국어로 1차 번역을 실시하였고, 감수와 수정 과정을 통하여 면담조사 권장질문지와 점수표, 판정기준을 마련하였다. 면담조사를 위하여 작업치료실이 있는 3곳의 산재전문병원을 방문하여 연구의 취지를 설명하였고, 그 중 한 곳에서 직업복귀 가능성이 있고 연구의 취지에 동의하는 산재 환자를 소개받아 2007년 2월 27일 면담조사를 실시하였다. WRI의 평가결과는 최소 17점에서 최대 68점으로 점수화 할 수 있는 데, 클라이언트의 평가 결과 총점 48점으로 전체적으로 직업복귀에 부정적인 측면 보다는 긍정적인 측면이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 개인적 사유나 자신의 직업에 대한 가치, 흥미와 관련되어 있는 의지 영역에서 직업복귀를 강하게 지지하는 반응을 보였는데, 이는 클라이언트의 직업복귀에 대한 동기가 강하므로 직업복귀에 성공할 가능성이 높다는 전제 하에 재활서비스가 제공되어야 함을 의미한다. 인간작업모델이라는 새로운 작업치료의 패러다임을 임상에서 적용할 수 있는 간편한 면담평가도구로써 WRI는 심리적, 사회적, 환경적 변인을 통한 직업복귀의 가능성을 예측한다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 작업치료사가 환자의 기능적 손상이나 장해에만 관심을 두는 것이 아니라 보다 폭넓은 관점에서 환자를 이해하고 접근하여 성공적인 재활프로그램을 계획하는데 도움이 되리라 기대된 다.

누진굴절력렌즈를 이용한 노안교정이 시각과 관련된 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해, 수도권에 거주하는 45세 이상 노안자 70명을 대상으로 1개월 동안 누진굴절력렌즈로 조제된 안경을 착용시켰다. NEI-VFQ 설문지를 이용해 삶의 질을 분석하고, 실험 후 삶의 질 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 성별 삶의 질 차이는 없었고, 실험 후 두 집단 모두 유의하게 증가했다. 연령별 3개 집단의 차이는 없었고, 실험 후 40대가 가장 많은 영역에서 증가하였고 연령대가 높을수록 유의하게 증가된 항목이 줄었다. 사무직과 비사무직 사이에서 삶의 질은 차이가 없었고, 실험 후 두 집단 모두 유의하게 증가했다. 이상의 결과에서 누진굴절력렌즈에 의한 노안교정이 일반적 신체 건강과 관련된 삶의 질을 개선시키는 효과는 없으나, 정신적, 사회적, 시각적 및 기능적인 측면에서 삶의 질을 유의하게 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

본 조사에서는 안질환이 없는 남녀 130명(남자 63명， 여자 67 명)을 대상으로 누진 렌즈 처방이 가능한 40세 이상의 환자를 굴절이상도와 근용 가입도를 측정하여 연령 별 · 직업별 누진굴절력 렌즈 안경의 착용 적응도를 조사하였다. 조사대상자들의 굴절 상태 분포는 정시자 35 명 (26.9%) ， 근시자 28명 (21.5%) ， 원시자 33 명 (25.4%)， 혼합난시 30명 (23.1%), 기 타 4 명 (3 .1%)으로 나타났으며 , 근용 가입 도의 분포를 보면 +1.00D 미 만이 4명 (3.1%), +1.00-+ 1.50D는 44병 (33.8%), +1.75-+2.25D가 42명 (32.3%), +2.50- +3.00D는 40 명 (30.8%) 으로 조사되 었다. 누진 렌즈를 처 방받은 환자들의 착용 적 응도 조사결과는 10 일 미 만이 32 명 (24.6%), 10-20 일 미만이 52 명 (40.0%) ， 20-30 일 미만이 23 명(17.7%) ， 30-40 일 미만이 15명 (11.5%) 그리 고 적 응실 패 는 8명 (6.2%)으로 나타났다. 직 업 별 착용 적 응도는 20 일 미 만까지 목사 100.0%, 교육직 78.6%, 예술가 85.7%, 사무직 64.6%, 주부 48.5%로 조사 되었으며 적응실패자도 6.2%로 나타났다

There was a significant difference in Japanese"s consciousness among region, age, and job. Although traditional and conservation trend is strong in Tohoku and Kyushyu, people in metropolital areas tend to stick to old customs rather than those in non-metropolis. The difference of consciousness between suburban and rural areas is getting weaker. Depending on the character of research, however, the difference in consciousness was shown between Kanto and Kansai. People in big cities exhibit different consciousness, and people in Kyushyu show entirely different consciousness even in the same area like Kagoshima. There was a significant difference in consciousness regarding morals, politics and tradition. In particular, there was a conspicuous difference in awareness among people who have different jobs. People in agriculture and fishery showed strong conservatism while peolpe in technique and business showed openness. If this research findings show the difference of consciousness in region, age, and occupation, it might provide a model of stereotype. The purpose of this study, however, is to help Koreans to reconsider the stereotype of Japan, It is hoped that this research help people to be aware of a variety of Japanese.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to demonstrate daily occupations and their self-perceived quality in persons with disability. Methods: Twenty five participants responded to a questionnaire, The Occupation Schedule (modified from an Activity Configuration Log). The subjects were asked to categorize their daily activities such as sleep, self-maintenance, work, rest, leisure and to rate their self-perceived quality. Results: The subjects had a high rate of unemployment (64%) and 12 subjects did not classify any occupation as work. The same occupation was classified into several different categories. The quality of occupation was rated at the satisfaction, importance, stress, and time adequacy. Conclusions: The results suggest that the subjects’ classification of occupations and their meanings are important sources of information for the science of occupation and the occupational therapy practice. Occupational therapists need to explore the alternative satisfying occupations to replace the category of work.

The model of human occupation is an outgrowth of the occupational behavior tradition which emphasizes the original philosophical premises of the occupational therapy profession. The model employs general systems theory to explain the human system and its interaction with the environment. The model conceptualizes the human as an open system that consists of three subsystems: volition, habituation, and mind-brain-body performance. The subsystems are hierachically ordered from the highest to lowest and each subsystem has its own structure and function. The highest subsystem is referred to as volition which is responsible for freely and consciously choosing occupational behavior. The middle subsystem is habituation which organizes occupational behavior into patterns or routines. The lowest subsystem is mind-brain-body performance which makes possible the skilled achievement of occupations. The human is also understood as a dynamical system performing in an environment composed of objects, tasks, social groups, and culture. Although the language of the model may be unfamiliar at first the basic theoretical principles of the model share the common concept with those of the oriental philosophy. The model is recognized as a holistic and comprehensive model which is one of the first to develop a strong focus on occupation in the occupational therapy profession.

Occupational science, stemmed from occupational therapy, is a new basic social science defined as the systematic study of the human as an occupational being. Mary Reilly argued that occupational therapy profession should reorganize its academic structure of knowledge by embracing traditional emphasis on occupation. Supporting Reilly’s view, Elizabeth J. Yerxa and her colleagues developed a doctoral program in occupational science with suggestions that the basic science (occupational science) of occupation should focus on the explanation of occupation, whereas the applied science (occupational therapy) should emphasize advancing knowledge on the use of occupation in treatment. The priority of occupational science is to promote theories about the form, function, and meaning as well as the sociocultural context of occupation so that the profession of occupational therapy can be nourished. The major contribution of occupational science to occupational therapy will be providing a body of knowledge sharply focused on the concept of occupation which will help in justification and enhancement of occupational therapy practice.

In this research, we analyzed the activities of Japanese architectural offices in Korea during the Japanese occupation era, classifying them into two groups: first, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea, and second, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Japan. There were totally 98 Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea during the Japanese occupation period. The number of those offices had increased rapidly since 1920s. Nakamura(the design of bank buildings), Tamada(the design of theaters), Otsumi(the design of Japanese style residential houses) can be regarded as the most remarkable Japanese architectural offices among them. We found that these offices already specialized in certain architectural planning fields, such as bank buildings, theaters and residential houses. It was also found that, during the Pacific War period, even privately-managed architectural offices were mobilized for the war by Japanese government, through designing munitions factories, etc. On the one hand, since some large Japanese corporations entered into Korea, many Japanese architectural offices, that had their bases in Japan, got into working in Korea and designed a number of buildings, with the exception of the architectural office of Vories, who was a Christian architect. Even though the place that the activities of these Japanese architectural offices were carried out was Korea, any factors of Korean architectural style couldn't be found In their works. This means that they just transplanted the Japanese modern architectural style in Korea.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of a horticultural occupation therapy program using a healing garden on the emotional rehabilitation of patients with acute and chronic mental disorders, and to identify the possibility of using horticultural occupational therapy as a mental rehabilitation service to promote the social rehabilitation of patients with mental disorders. In this study, 20 patients diagnosed as chronic mental disorder at Seoul Metropolitan E hospital and 22 as acute mental disorder at Incheon H hospital were divided into 2 groups for Horticultural occupation therapy (HOT) and Group occupational therapy (GOT). General occupational therapy was provided 4 times a week for the experimental groups of patients with chronic and acute mental disorders, and a horticultural occupational therapy program using a healing garden was provided only once a week, a total of 12 sessions, for the experimental groups. For the control groups of patients with acute and chronic mental disorders, occupational therapy was provided 5 times a week only. Among the acute mental disorder patients, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and emotional stress scale (ES), whereas the control group didn’t (p<.001). On the other hand, such significant changes were not seen among the chronic GOT. Futhermore, the chronic HOT showed the significant effect in physical stress scale (PSE).

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of horticulture occupation therapy program via healing garden which is increasing the emotional stability and hand Dexterity enhancement on pre-vocational rehabilitation of chronic mental disorder. The current study included 29 patients who were diagnosed as chronic mental disorder under the rehabilitation service at E capital hospital in Seoul from February to December 2010. All of patients participated with agreement in this study, then were divided randomly by experimental (n=17) and control groups (n=12). Therapeutic program was consisted with total 38 sessions, and performed once a week for 10 months. Experimental group was treated with horticultural occupational therapy program using a healing garden (one time), as well as general occupational therapy (four times) in a week. Control group was conducted only general occupational therapy five times a week. To evaluate the effects of program, physical and psychological stress test and hand dexterity test was used before and after program. The program was based on the person-centered therapy, then paired t-test was used to compare the results before and after the program. In the results of present study, there were no significant differences of psychological and physical stress between before and after the therapy in experimental and control group, respectively. However, hand dexterity of experimental group was markedly changed between before (112..4±50.9 sec) and after (82.1±40.6 sec) therapy. Moreover, the speed of performance in GPT was increased with rising therapeutic sessions, indicating the hand dexterity was improved after program. These results demonstrated that horticultural occupation therapy program using the healing garden is beneficial for pre-vocational rehabilitation of chronic mental disorder.