온실에서 친환경적 해충방제를 위해여 쓰이는 황색 및 청색 끈끈이 트랩은 여러 종류가 생산, 판매 되고 있다. 이 트랩들은 가격과 성능은 물론 색상에 도 차이를 보이며, 농민들의 선호도 또한 다르다. 이 같은 문제점을 수정․보 완코자 유인력이 가장 좋은 끈끈이트랩의 색상을 선정하기 위해서 본 실험을 실시하였다. 가루이류, 총채벌레류, 뿌리파리류를 대상으로 색상과 색 농도에 따른 유인 력의 차이를 검정하기 위해, 1차 실험은 황색과 청색 2종의 색상에서 각각 4 가지 다른 색 농도를 선정하여 (주)세실에 끈끈이트랩의 제작을 의뢰 하였다. 제작된 트랩을 경남지역 3곳의 온실에 설치하여 유인력을 검정한 결과 색상 별로 각각 가장 유인력이 좋았던 2가지 색 농도를 선발하였다. 2차 실험은 유 인 효과가 좋은 색상과 색 농도를 좀 더 세분하여 결정하기 위해 1차 실험에 서 선발된 색 농도의 범위 내에서 3가지 색상을 추가하여 각각 5가지 색 농 도를 (주)세실에서 판매되는 끈끈이 트랩을 대조로 하여 같은 지역에서 실험 을 실시하였다. 그 결과 황색끈끈이트랩은 1가지 색 농도에서, 청색끈끈이트 랩은 2가지 색 농도에서 기존트랩보다 높은 유인력을 보였다. 금후 본 연구에서 선발한 색상과 색 농도를 끈끈이 트랩의 제작에 사용한 다면 기존 판매되고 있는 끈끈이 트랩 보다 우수한 유인력을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

연구는 엽채류 재배지에 많은 피해를 주고 있는 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua) 에 대하여 신규 살충제인 Bistrifluron 10% EC와 혼합 살충제 Bistrifluron+Chlorfenapyr 13% SC의 발육 단계별 살충활성, 속효성 및 잔효력을 확인하고자 수행되었다. Bistrifluron 10% EC의 발육단계별 시험에서 알에 대한 부화억제효과는 77.9%이었으며, 부화 후 생육 단계에도 영향을 주어 98.3%의 우수한 살충효 과를 나타내었다. 파밤나방 2령 유충에 대한 LC50과 LC90은 각각 1.33ppm과 12.52ppm이었으며, 잔효력은 10일까지 지속되어 IGR계 살충제중 가장 우수한 살충효과를 나타내었다. IGR계 살충제의 부족한 속효성과 대상해충의 확대를 위한 혼합제로 Bistrifluron+ Chlorfenapyr 13% SC를 선정하였으며, 그 결과 알에 대한 부화억제효과는 95%이었으며, 2령과 4령 유충에 대하여 각각 100%의 방제효과를 나타내었다. 파밤나방에 대한 속효적인 효과는 24시간 이내에 4령 유충을 100%로 방제가 가능하였으며, 그 효과는 14일까지 지속되었다. Bistrifluron 10% EC와 Bistrifuron+Chlorfenapyr 13% SC는 파밤나방에 대한 부화억제, 속효성 및 잔효력이 우수하여, 파밤나방의 방제에 대한 활용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

Phase transition in ferroelectric polymer is very interesting behavior and has been widely studiedfor real device applications, such as actuators and sensors. Through the phase transition, there is structuralchange resulting in the change of electrical and optical properties. In this study, we fabricated the Febry-Perotinterferometer with the thin film of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) 50/50mol% copolymer, and thermo-opticalproperties were investigated. The effective thermo-optical coefficient of P(VDF-TrFE) was obtained as 2.3~3.8×10-4/K in the ferroelectric temperature region (45oC~65oC) and 6.0×10-4/K in the phase transition temperatureregion (65oC~85oC), which is a larger than optical silica-fiber and PMMA. The resonance transmission peakof P(VDF-TrFE) with the variation of temperature showed hysteretic variation and the phase transitiontemperature of the polymer in heating condition was higher than in the cooling condition. The elimination ofthe hysteretic phase transition of P(VDF-TrFE) is necessary for practical applications of optical devices.

29-year-old female with chronic renal failure and a history of hemodialysis during 10 years showed localized jaw enlargement in the anterior mandible. She also revealed increased serum PTH level, osteosclerosis in her skull base and facial bone, chronic pain in the both knee joint, and gastrointestinal disorder which are symptoms of renal osteodystrophy. The patient was diagnosed hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic renal failure. Parathyroidectomy was performed, however, serum PTH level increased again after the parathyroidectomy, the affected area of the mandible was enlarged as the serum PTH level increased. The enlarged area seemed like as peripheral lesion clinically. We reported a case of localized jaw enlargement as oral manifestation in renal osteodystrophy.

본 연구는 농산물인터넷 쇼핑몰을 이용하는 소비자들의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 조사분석하고, 그 만족요인과 구전(추천)의도와의 관계를 규명하는데 목적을 두었다. 실증적 분석결과를 요약하면 인터넷 쇼핑몰 구매동기는 신뢰성보다 편리성이 가장 큰 요인으로 나타났다. 고객만족요인은 신뢰성, 상품의 다양성, 배송 및 고객지원, 보안성 등으로 조사되었으며, 이에 대한 만족도는 배송 및 고객지원이 가장 높고, 상품의 다양성은 다소 낮았다. 인터넷 쇼핑몰 활성화를 위한 개선과제는 반품, 환불 및 고객불만 사항의 신속한 처리가 가장 요구되고 있으며, 안전하고 다양한 결제시스템의 구축, 다양한 이벤트 및 고객서비스, 물량조달체계의 구축 등이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 서비스품질에 있어서 신뢰성과 보안성에 대한 소비자만족이 구전의도에 크게 영향을 미치며, 시스템 품질에 대한 만족도 구전의도에 비교적 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타남으로써 이에 대한 개선이 시급한 것으로 판단된다.

thus, resembles scar tissue. TGF-β1, MMP and TIMP play an essential role in remodeling extracellular matrix during scar formation. This study investigates the pathogenesis of IF with respect to the coordinated expression of factors involved in wound healing. Proliferative activity and expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were observed using immunohistochemistry in 88 cases of IF and 9 cases of normal oral mucosa(NOM). Proliferative activity and expression of TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 were increased in IF compared to NOM. MMP-1 expression was not significantly increased in IF. We propose that IF is caused by increased expression of TGF-β1 and an imbalance in expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1.

The ultrafine titanium carbonitride particles () below 100nm in mean size were successfully synthesized by Mg-thermal reduction process. The nanostructured sub-stoichiometric titanium carbide () particles were produced by the magnesium reduction at 1123K of gaseous and the heat treatments in vacuum were performed for five hours to remove residual magnesium and magnesium chloride mixed with . And final phase was obtained by nitrification under normal gas at 1373K for 2 hrs. The purity of produced particles was above 99.3% and the oxygen contents below 0.2 wt%. We investigated in particular the effects of the temperatures in vacuum treatment on the particle refinement of final product.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dried powder of chestnut on lipid metabolism, anti-thrombotic effect in rats. Thirty 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into five groups and used for experiment. We examined the lipid metabolism and antithrombotic capacity of SD rats administered for 5 weeks with 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut flesh powder and 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut inner shell and flesh powder mixture, respectively. Food intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were also checked. The levels of serum triglyceride and free fatty acid were not statistically significant between the all experimental groups. However, the antithrombotic capacity and total lipid levels of the treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the negative control group. These results suggest that the supplementation of chestnut on diet lower the total lipid level in SD rats.

KNI3126 which is the eco-friendly material made by plant extracts - neem and matrine - have been evaluated for efficacies against 6 main pests and toxicity on natural enemies. Insecticidal efficacies of KNI3126 against plant hopper were above 95% at 5 days after treatment (DAT), whereas pesticidal effects against the cotton aphid were above 95% at 3 DAT and slightly decreased at 5 DAT. Insecticidal efficacy against the palm thrips resulted in lower control value as 68.1% than that of chemical insecticides. KNI3126 showed more than 95% control value against diamond back moth, suggesting that it could suppress the population of pest hard to control as eco-friendly material. Mortalities against two-spotted spider mite were about 80% at 1 DAT and over 90% at 5 DAT, respectively. For evaluation of the toxicity on natural enemies, effect against predatory natural enemy was classified as moderate selective toxicity based on the criterion of International Organization of Bio-Control (IOBC), whereas against parasitic natural enemies was found to be relatively safe. Repellent effect was weak against plant hopper, but strong against two-spotted spider mite. In the toxicity test for safety, KNI3126 was classified as the lowest level at acute oral, acute dermal and fish toxicity test and did not induce the irritancy at skin irritation test and eye irritation test.

The numbers of deaths attributed by tobacco smoking have remarkably increased, reflecting the smoking patterns of previous decades. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases the prevalence of both upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses. Self-reports of direct and indirect smoking may not always be reliable in questionnaire method used epidemiology. A number of biochemical makers have been used to validate claims of indirect smoking among which the most widely used specific markers has been the nicotine metabolite cotinine. This study was conducted to evaluate the cotinine levels to determine smoking status. Biomoitoring to assess the validity of questionnaire method found that sensitivity and specificity coefficients of around 100% and 100% in direct smokers. On the other hand, sensitivity and specificity coefficients were 56.74% and 47.26%, respectively. This results suggest that indirect smoking status should be assessed by biomonitoring such as cotinine levels.

This study was carried out to survey the occurrence of stink bugs and pecky rice grain caused by the stink bugs in paddy fields in six districts of Gyeonggi-do. In the levee of the paddy fields, 30 species of the stink bugs were collected, and the dominant species were Paromius exiguus in Hwaseong and Siheung, and Stenotus rubrovittatus in Pyeongtaek, Icheon and Paju. In the paddy fields, 23 species were collected, and the dominant species were Paromius exiguus in Siheung, and Stenotus rubrovittatus in Pyeongtaek, Icheon and Paju. P. exiguus overwintered and proliferated mainly in the west coastal region, where its host plants, Imperata cylindrica and Calamagrostis epigeois, were abundant, and then moved to paddy fields later in the season, resulting in the peak density in September in paddy area. Stenotus rubrovittatus and Cletus punctiger were abundant in paddy area in August and September, and Eysarcoris aeneus was abundant in June and July. When the stink bugs were inoculated on the rice, the rate of pecky rice caused by E. aeneus and P. exiguus at milk ripe stage was 10.2% and 4.8%, respectively, and the rate by S. rubrovittatus and P. exiguus at dough ripe stage was 4.3% and 2.7%, respectively. The damage shape of pecky rice was distinctive according to the species. The surface of pecky rice by P. exiguus was very smooth but the surface of pecky rice by E. aeneus was rough and caved. In the pecky rice by S. rubrovittatus, the spot occurred at the topside of the grain.

본 연구는 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 특성을 비교적 잘 반영하는 변형강도치가 안정적으로 배합설계시 기준강도를 만족할 수 있는 배합강도를 통계적 분석에 의해 제시하기 위하여 이루어졌다. 따라서 실제의 도로 혼합물의 AFA시험과의 변형강도의 상관관계로부터 얻어진 혼합물의 임계치 (일반도로 3MPa, 간선도로 4MPa)와 국내 32개 조합의 아스팔트 혼합물의 변형강도 값을 통해 변동계수(Vc)를 계산하고 이를 이용하여 배합강도를 산정하였다. 공시체를 3개 사용할 경우 직경 100mm 공시체의 일반도로와 간선도로의 혼합물의 배합강도는 3.2MPa와 4.25MPa로 설정되었다. 또한, 이 값은 재하속도 30mm/min의 장비에서 얻어진 값이므로 재하속도가 50mm/min로 고정된 마샬안정도 시험기 사용시에는 더 높은 값인 3.5MPa와4.5MPa이 각각의 기준으로 설정되었다.

Electrolessly deposited Co (Re,P) was investigated as a possible capping layer for Cu wires. 50 nm Co (Re,P) films were deposited on Cu/Ti-coated silicon wafers which acted as a catalytic seed and an adhesion layer, respectively. To obtain the optimized bath composition, electroless deposition was studied through an electrochemical approach via a linear sweep voltammetry analysis. The results of using this method showed that the best deposition conditions were a CoSO4 concentration of 0.082 mol/l, a solution pH of 9, a KReO4 concentration of 0.0003 mol/l and sodium hypophosphite concentration of 0.1 mol/L at 80˚C. The thermal stability of the Co (Re,P) layer as a barrier preventing Cu was evaluated using Auger electron spectroscopy and a Scanning calorimeter. The measurement results showed that Re impurities stabilized the h.c.p. phase up to 550˚C and that the Co (Re,P) film efficiently blocked Cu diffusion under an annealing temperature of 400˚C for 1hr. The good barrier properties that were observed can be explained by the nano-sized grains along with the blocking effect of the impurities at the fast diffusion path of the grain boundaries. The transformation temperature from the amorphous to crystal structure is increased by doping the Re.

Metastatic tumors in oral cavity are rare, where their prognoses are considered to be extremely poor. Unless recognizing its primary origin, pathologic diagnoses for metastatic cancer have been troublesome for oral pathologists. This retrograde analysis was aimed at providing practical suggestion for the diagnoses of metastatic cancers to oral and maxillofacial region. We reviewed 20 patients diagnosed as metastatic cancers to oral cavity from 1991 to 2007. The patients were classified according to their clinical and histologic findings. We also reviewed 19 patients of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 16 patients of adenoid cystic carcinoma to compare with those of metastatic cancers. Immunohistochemical staining for CK 5/6, CK 17, TTF-1, CEA was performed for differential diagnosis. Histologically, 20 cases compromised 11 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and one papillary carcinoma. The lung was the most common site for primary site (5/20), followed by the breast (2/20). In metastatic adenocarcinoma, TTF-1 positive cases were one lung cancer and a rectal cancer, and carcinomas from breast and rectum showed CK5/6 positive reaction. CEA was expressed in gastric and rectal carcinomas. In 19 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 13 cases (68.4%) are CK5/6 (+). In 16 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 11 cases (68.8%) showed the positive reaction for CK5/6. TTF-1 is an antibody to show high sensitivity and specificity for lung adenocarcinoma, therefore, TTF-1 is helpful to make a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinomas from lung. Adenocarcinomas originated from salivary glands show high CK5/6 expression, but metastatic adenocarcinomas, except of those from breast and rectum, show no CK5/6 expression, lending support that CK5/6 may be useful to differentiate metastatic adenocarcinomas from carcinomas of salivary gland origin.