Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a faculty development program for nursing simulation educators. Methods: This study developed one-day education program based on the ADDIE model. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires to investigate learners’ needs and participants’ evaluation of the pilot program. The data were analyzed using EXCEL with descriptive statistics. Results: The participants’ satisfaction with the program showed an overall high level of satisfaction. Two types of faculty development were developed based on the needs assessment. In addition, a review of the existing programs, namely, basic and advanced courses, were conducted based on the learning needs hierarchy. Conclusion: The development and pilot testing of a faculty development program for nursing simulation educators are feasible. Further research should focus on the short- or long-term evaluation of the program using the experimental research design.

As manufacturing industries become globalized, product design affects every area of organization. The design sets the goals for a number of different departments, so if it fails to effectively communicate these goals, the entire organization is less efficient. In addition, To communicate clearly, the design must represent a product that meets its technical specification.GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing) is one of the most important factors, which has an effect on efficiency of manufacture system, in designing products. However, most of designers in different industries are prone to ignore the importance of GD&T.To analyse the importance of GD&T compliance with international standards for design drawing, a comparison analysis of the difference between two methods, composite profile control and multiple single segment profile control, is performed on three different cases and suggests how it used to be more suitable.Composite profile tolerance is specified by a dual feature control frame that has one profile symbol specified with two lines of tolerance information. Whereas a multiple single segment profile control is when two or more single segment profile callouts are used to define the location and/or orientation and/or size and/or form of a part feature. In this study, the following results will be provided : a clear definition and an obvious difference of the tolerance zone, datums and datums sequence and minimization of tolerances.On this study, composite profile tolerance and multiple single segment profile tolerance were discussed. Next steps of research will consist on reaching more accurate results for profile control. Further research will be focused on dealing with the remaining 14 symbols of GD&T.

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 국제항에 출입하는 중국기원 선박의 선박평형수내 환경 및 부유생물의 특성을 파악하여 선박평형수처리장치(BWTS)와 관련된 면제 협상을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 조사된 37척의 선박 중 평형수의 보관 기간은 발해만을 포함하는 북부지역(지역 “A”)에서 평균 3.91 ± 4.61 days로 가장 짧았다. 총부유물질의 농도는 1.80 ~ 266 mg L-1의 범위를 보였고, 용존성 및 입자성 유기물질은 각각 1.09 ~ 5.79 mg L-1, 0.17 ~ 3.65 mg L-1의 범위를 나타내었다. 영양염 농도는 양자강 유역을 포함한 지역 “B”에서 높았고, 홍콩을 포함하는 지역 “C”에서 낮은 평균값을 보였다. 엽록소-a 평균 농도는 0.67 ± 1.15 μg L-1로 나타났고, 1 μg L-1 이상의 높은 값은 지리적으로 우리나라와 가까운 지역 “A”에서 7척 중 3척이 집중되었다. 식물플랑크톤의 개체수가 > 10,000 cells L-1의 선박평형수는 37척 중 6척으로 나타났고, 이 중 3척이 지역 “A” 기원으로 파악되었다. 특히, 홍콩항에서는 유해미세조류로 잘 알려진 와편모그룹의 종이 높은 밀도로 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과, 중국과의 BWTS 면제권 협상은 신중하게 접근할 필요성이 있다고 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of the Food Allergy Labeling System (FALS) of school foodservice in female middle school students. The subjects were 148 female middle school students in the Incheon metropolitan area. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Only 20.9% of subjects had experience of food allergy education. There was no significant difference in food allergy knowledge by grade. The scores of perception of food allergy labeling by school foodservice were significantly higher in lower grade students (p<0.001). In all grades, highest scores were observed for ‘food allergy labeling is necessary’, whereas the lowest scores were for ‘I check the food allergy labeling’. The percentages of subjects who wanted to participate in food allergy education were significantly different (p<0.01); 73.8% in 1st grade, 50.0% in 2nd grade, and 35.7% in 3rd grade. For desired education contents to enhance perception of FALS, 57.5% of subjects answered ‘emergency management’ and 23.0% said ‘information of food allergy causing food’. Therefore, it is necessary to increase food allergy education and educate female middle school students according to grade in order to enhance perception of FALS.

This study was performed to investigate the nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors among high school students by gender. The subjects were 275 students (127 male, 148 female) in Incheon metropolitan area. Selfadministered questionnaires consisted of general characteristics and anthropometric data, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and dietary behaviors. The average score of nutrition knowledge was significantly higher in female subjects (9.4) compared to male subjects (8.2) (p<0.01). Male subjects had a higher score for dietary attitudes than female subjects (p<0.001). Frequency of meals was significantly higher in male subjects compared to female subjects (p<0.05). Duration of meal time in male subjects was significantly higher (‘5-10 minutes’) compared to female subjects (p<0.001). Unbalanced diet was significantly higher in female subjects (66.3%) compared to male subjects (48.9%) (p<0.01). Male subjects showed significantly higher consumption frequency of ‘dairy’ (p<0.001) and ‘beans’ (p<0.001) compared to female subjects. For snack consumption, male subjects showed higher consumption frequency of ‘nuts’ (p<0.001), ‘soda’ (p<0.05), ‘fast foods’ (p<0.001), and ‘ramyeon’ (p<0.01), but lower consumption frequency of ‘biscuits and bakery’ (p<0.01) compared to female subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a systemic nutrition education program for high school students by gender.

Agriculture and rural development is the most important sector in international development cooperation business in Korea. The significance, given to this sector is manifested in the increase of ODA (Official Development Assistance) budget, the crafting of relevant legislations, and the development of organizations, and institutions. Although many studies have been conducted on international cooperation in the agricultural sector, thus far, bibliographical research has not been done. This study aimed to analyze research trends using meta-data searching method based on three database sites. The main findings revealed that: 1) majority of the literature contains the keyword, ‘ODA’; 2) research area highly focuses on rural development policy studies including “Saemaul Undong”, which implies limited literature on agricultural logistics, marketing, and trade; and 3) methodologically, more researches need to focus on theoretical and quantitative analyses.

Since a free-learning semester has been introduced to middle school curriculum, interest in career experience programs has increased. To respond to this new demand, we developed a continuous agriculture-related career experience program linked with STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education, and we examined the program’s effects on the job awareness of middle school students. The program was conducted from April 8, 2015 to June 24, 2015, and consisted of 12 classes. The direct experience subprogram was based on 13 different horticultural activities that reflect producing (nine programs), cooking (two programs), and sales (two programs) of horticultural produces. For the indirect experience subprogram, we preliminarily selected 10 representative agricultural jobs, and based on the keywords analyzed from 7 direct experience programs, we chose to introduce seven jobs to the students by videos and the three others by written material. We then investigated the effect of introductory videos on job interest, understanding, and preference by the students. We found that the student’s interest, understanding, and preference regarding each job were significantly improved when direct experience and video watching were combined. Career awareness was improved for gardener (47.0%), nursery grower (42.0%), rural extension official (31.1%), eco-friendly farm material developer (30.9%), agricultural research official (23.4%), plant doctor (19.8%), and agricultural wholesale distribution experts (9.3%). Conclusively, it is expected that career experience programs have the greatest effect on students when both interest in the job and participation on direct experiences are encouraged.

Hot water extracts from 16 domestic edible mushrooms including Pleurotus ferulae (Lanzi) X.L. Mao, Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow, which are commercially available, were used for determining the cosmetic potential of these mushrooms. In this study, we carried out in vitro functional experiments to determine the inhibitory effects of these extracts on L-DOPA oxidation of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Based on the results of these experiments, H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow No. 10 and No. 15 were selected for further analysis. We analyzed the melanin synthesis inhibitory activity, TRP1 and MITF expression via real-time PCR, and Fontana Masson staining in artificial skin Neoderm®-ME. Taken together, we observed that the hot water extract from H. marmoreus (Peck) H.E. Bigelow (No. 15) had better whitening effect than the extracts of other mushrooms. Thus, it can be a potential source of skin-whitening agent

Oyster mushrooms are widely cultivated and consumed in Korea. P. ostreatus 'Suhan(ASI 2504)' is an ideal cultivar for mushroom farmers due to its dark pileus and thick stipe; however, as it is very sensitive to environmental conditions, an alternative cultivar is required. To develop a new cultivar, parental strains 'Suhan(ASI 2504)' and ‘ASI 0665 (Heuktari)’ were selected from various collected strains according to morphological characteristics. P. ostreatus ‘Soltari’ was developed by Di- Mon crossing between the dikaryotic strain ‘Suhan’ and the monokaryotic strain derived from ‘Heuktari’. Thirty-eight of the 100 crossed strains were selected following analysis of mitochondrial genetic characteristics, and 'Soltari' was ultimately selected by continuous cultivation tests. The mitochondrial DNA profile of ‘Soltari’ was found to be the same as that of ‘Heuktari, and a nuclear DNA profile of ‘Soltari’ was similar as those of the parental strains, ‘Suhan’ and ‘Heuktari.’ 'Soltari' mycelium grows adequately in moderate to high temperatures of 12–20oC, although its optimum temperature was found to be 30oC. Fruiting body production per 1.1-L cultivation bottle was approximately 158.8 g. Its stipe length and thickness were comparable to those of diameter and thickness were somewhat lower (42.72 vs. 51.33 mm and 18.18 vs. 22.46 mm, respectively). ‘Soltari’ was found to be more resistant to high CO2 atmosphere than 'Suhan', and the color of the pileus of 'Soltari' was dark gray at high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that this new cultivar ‘Soltari’ is a good alternative cultivar and will contribute to energy saving in oyster mushroom farms.

Worldwide production of mushrooms has been increasing by 10–20% every year. Recently, Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis have become popular mushroom species for cultivation. In particular, China exceeded 8.7 million tons in 2002, which accounted for 71.5% of total world output. A similar trend was also observed in Korea. Two kinds of mushrooms— Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Seoji—are described in the ancient book 'Samguksagi' (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) during the Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms are also described in more than 17 ancient books during the Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Approximately 200 commercial strains of 38 species of mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. The somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom, ‘Wonhyeongneutari,’ was developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to growers in 1989. Further, the production of mushrooms as food was 199,829 metric tons, valued at 850 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if mushroom factory products are included) in 2015. In Korea, the major cultivated species are P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which account for 90% of the total production. Since mushroom export was initiated in 1960, the export and import of mushrooms have increased in Korea. Technology was developed for liquid spawn production, and automatic cultivation systems led to the reduction of production cost, resulting in the increase in mushroom export. However, some species were imported owing to high production costs for effective cultivation methods. In academia, RDA scientists have conducted mushroom genome projects since 1997. One of the main outcomes is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. With regard to medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods. There are various kinds of beneficial substances in mushrooms; mushroom products, including pharmaceuticals, tonics, healthy beverages, functional biotransformants, and processed foods have also became available on the market. In addition, compost and feed can likewise be made from mushroom substrates after harvest.

Theories of advanced composite structures are too difficult for such field engineers and some simple methods are necessary. In this paper, Simple method of vibration analysis is presented. This method presented in this paper is studied self-weight and other loads. The result of the 2~3 times iteration is good enough for field engineering purposes. In the case of cantilevered composite materials beams with different cross section, increase of mass near the support does not significantly affect the vibration characteristics. As a calculations of the simple method of vibration analysis for cantilevered composite materials beams with different cross section, it is noted that the result of the second cycle at the point of free end (actually 5L/6 span) is only 2.2% away from the ‘exact’ solution.

최근 기후변화에 따라 전 세계적으로 큰 규모의 산불 발생이 증가하고 있으며, 우리나라도 산불발생이 전반적으로 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 최근 우리나라와 인접한 북한에서 발생한 산불이 비무장 지대 등의 국내 영토로 번지는 사건이 많이 발생하고 있다. 우리나라에서는 오픈 API(application programming interface)를 통하여 과거 산불발생 기록을 검색할 수 있으나 행정기관에서 수집한 자료여서 국내 지역으로 정보가 국한되어 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 접근불능지역인 북한을 포함한 한반도의 산불발생에 대한 장기 시계열 정보를 생산하기 위하여 2000년부터 2015년까지의 MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성자료를 수집 및 재가공하여 일자별 산불발생 현황의 GIS 데이터베이스를 구축하고자 한다. 데이터베이스 구축을 위한 입력자료로서 Terra 위성의 MOD14A1 산출물과 Aqua 위성의 MYD14A1 산출물을 사용하였으며, 16년간의 일자별 영상을 일괄작업으로 재처리하여 산불의 발생일자, 발생 위치, 탐지 신뢰도, 방사열 에너지(fire radiative power: FRP) 등의 정보를 추출하고 이들을 결합하여 Shapefile 형태로 생성하였다. 본 연구에서 구축한 장기시계열 GIS 데이터베이스는 다른 연구자들에 의해 한반도 산불정보의 시공간 특성 분석에 활용될 수 있으며, 이를 위하여 인터넷에 결과 파일을 탑재하여 자유롭게 다운로드 가능하도록 하였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 전동휠체어를 사용하는 중증장애인들을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통하여 중증장애 인들의 전동휠체어에 대한 사용경험과 전동휠체어에 대한 그들의 욕구를 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구방법 : 전동휠체어를 사용하는 중증장애인 5명을 대상으로 포커스 그룹인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰에 서 사용된 질문은 Krueger 와 Casey가 제시한 4가지 질문방식을 기반으로 하였다. 인터뷰내용은 녹음 하고 2명의 저자가 각각 전사하여 공통된 내용에 대해 합의하고 분석하였다. 결과 : 대상자들은 전동휠체어 구조물과 휠체어 자체의 결함, 사후관리서비스에 대한 문제점을 경험하였으 며 이에 따라 전동휠체어의 추진 및 지지구조물, 중증장애인에 대한 평가 및 전동휠체어에 대한 처방을 포함하는 보조공학 서비스의 개선 및 확대를 원하고 있었다. 또한 전동휠체어에 대한 구입 및 사후관리 서비스에 대하여 국가차원에서의 현실적인 재정적 지원을 기대하고 있었다. 이에 따라 작업치료사는 전 동휠체어 처방 시 휠체어 사용자가 속한 환경, 원하는 활동을 고려하여 적절한 휠체어 추진구조물을 제 공해줘야 하고 사용자의 기능을 고려한 전동휠체어 착석옵션과 같은 지지구조물을 처방하여 중증장애인 이 기능적 활동을 수행하도록 도와야 한다. 결론 : 본 연구는 전동휠체어 처방 시 작업치료사가 고려해야할 점을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있고 효율 적인 보조공학 서비스를 위한 제도적 변화를 이끄는데 있어 기초적인 자료로 사용될 것이다.

FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) reinforced lightweight concrete structures can offer corrosion resistance and weight reduction effect simultaneously, so practical use of the structures may be expected afterwards. But, to construct the concrete structures using lightweight concrete and FRP bar, one of many important things to be previously investigated is to study bond characteristic between the lightweight concrete and the FRP bar. So, bond characteristics between lightweight concrete and two types of GFRP bar (helically deformed GFRP bar and sand coated GFRP bar) were investigated in this study. To do this study, literature review and bond strength test using a number of bond strength specimens were conducted. As a result, it could be seen that the bond strength of helically deformed GFRP bar and sand coated GFRP bar in the lightweight concrete were 49% and 81%, respectively, for the bond strength of steel reinforcement in the normal concrete.

This study was designed to verify the effects of Animal Assisted Intervention on self regulations and behavioral problems of the elementary school students who had trouble adjusting to school life due to emotional problems, matter of behaviors, hyper activities, peer problems and prosocial behavior(Sociotropy). The experimental unit used in this study consisted of 8 students aged between 8 and 13, both male and female, who satisfied the criterion of Strengths and Difficulties, the preliminary test, reported by each class teacher. The unit was treated by Animal Assisted Intervention program, divided into 2 groups by grade each made up of 4 subjects in the lower grades and the higher grades. The program consisted of 12 sessions and each was run for 45 minutes with 4 therapy dogs throughout 10 weeks. The data was analyzed with Wilcoxon's signed ranks test on SPSS 20.0 and in brief showed the following results. Animal Assisted Intervention on Self Regulation improvement program was verified to have significant effects on the elementary school students' self regulations and Strengths and Difficulties that reflects behavioral problems

Changes in marketing environment have made it feasible for functions and roles of marketing subjects who participated in marketing routes to be changed. However, there has not been a study to prove it or to deal with newly required functions. Hereupon, this study has specifically investigated and analyzed marketing functions and performance on marketing associates for seafood in Busan in order to identify how marketing functions influenced on marketing performance. Marketing function might differently influence on the performance depending on the difference of business type. Results of verifying the hypothesis are as follows. As for variables that influenced on wholesaler groups, marketing, product development+investment, information-sharing, and trade functions turned out to be influential. Among wholesaler groups, marketing, sorting, collection, market frontier+product development, integral distribution, information-sharing, and finance functions turned out to be influential. In addition to these basic results, another difference industries, restrictive range of activities, the differences in handling goods, such as by correspondence of the results to changes in the distribution environment, from the results of the present study it is possible to guess.

This study was carried out to indirectly predict the storage time limit, hardness, and acidity of Fuji apples in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. A sensor installed inside the CA storage measured temperature, relative humidity, and gas composition data in real time. The respiration rate from five tons of apples in CA storage was calculated to predict the weight loss rate. As a result, the predicted and actual weight loss rate induced a predictable residual storage time equation that showed a significantly high correlation. The apple storage period showed a high reliability (R2=0.9322) because the predicted equation using respiration rate and number of days stored was about nine months for five tons of apples. Furthermore, the hardness and acidity prediction equation were derived from the quality analysis. However, there was not enough analysis sample correlation (the coefficient was as low as 0.3506 and 0.3144, respectively), but the tendency could be confirmed by reduced hardness and acidity. As a result, these quality prediction equations could encourage CA container distribution, effective for agricultural shipment regulation and increasing the ease of operations.