본 연구에서는 철근의 부식 문제를 근본적으로 해결하기 위하여 고속도로 교각 두부보에 GFRP 보강근을 적용하고 구조설계 및 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. AASHTO LRFD 설계기준에 근거하여 교란영역(D-region)인 두부보를 설계하였으며, 기존 연구결 과를 바탕으로 설계기준보다 완화된 계수를 적용하여 결과를 비교하였다. 또한, 두 가지 설계에 대해 각각 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행 하여 설계 결과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 완화된 계수 적용을 통해 GFRP 보강 교각 두부보의 경제성 확보가 가능하다는 결과를 얻었으며, 이는 다양한 GFRP 보강 콘크리트 구조물의 실용화에 기여할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of commercial tofu products from the market in Korea. Seventeen types of commercial tofu samples were taken and their physicochemical properties, including soluble solid contents, salinity, pH, total acidity and moisture (total solid contents), were analyzed. The hardness of tofu was negatively correlated with the moisture contents of tofu (r=－0.667**). The commercial tofu showed pH 5.80~6.24, total acidity of 0.016~0.034%, soluble solids of 1.50~3.45 °Brix, salinity of 1.20~2.30%, and moisture content of 79.91~87.57%, respectively. All 17 tofu samples sold in the Korean market were prepared using crude MgCl2 and sea water as a coagulant. The quality characteristics vary depending on the constituent’s of soybeans, and the ratio and amount of coagulants of tofu used. The origin of soybean seeds affected the yellowness of tofu; tofu made from imported soybean showed a higher b value than domestic soybean. These results are expected to be useful for understanding trends in the domestic tofu industry.

The purpose of this study was to examine the microbiological and physicochemical changes on packaged tofu stored at temperatures of 5, 13, 23, and 30oC, and measure the consumable period from the expiry date to ultimately evaluate the microbiological safety on the extension of the consumable period. From the investigation, the pH value of tofu at each storage temperature (5, 13, and 23oC) showed a slight decrease over the storage period, although there was no significant change. The hardness of packaged tofu decreased more rapidly as temperature and storage time increased and the tofu started to show signs of decomposition at the same time. Analysis on the microbial change of tofu at different storage temperature revealed that the number of general bacteria also increased as the temperature increased. It was further found that packaged tofu takes 25 days at 5oC, 7 days at 13oC, and 1 day at 23oC from the expiry date until the general bacteria count is at least at the early decomposition level which is 10oC log CFU/g. However, no coliform bacteria was detected from tofu after storing at 5, 13 and 23oC. When packaged tofu was stored at 5oC, the L value changed significantly after 26 days, whereas the a and b values showed no significant change during the storage period (P>0.05). When storing tofu at 13oC and 23oC the L value decreased after 8 and 3 days, respectively. However, both a and b values increased (P<0.05).

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm accounting less than 1% of malignant pancreatic tumors. A 47-year-old male patient visited the emergency room with epigastric pain. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 4.7-cm heterogeneously enhanced solid and cystic mass with internal necrosis located in the head of the pancreas. Radiological diagnosis was borderline malignancy such as neuroendocrine tumor or solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Two months later, the necrotic mass in the pancreas head had grown up to 11 cm, compressing the duodenum, superior mesenteric vein, and proximal transverse colon. Pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with segmental resection of transverse colon was performed. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor was pancreatic ACC. The patient recovered without any complication and was doing well without recurrence for 12 months after surgery.

This study was conducted to compare the quality characteristics of firm tofu (coagulant calcium chloride, CaCl2 used) made from eight imported and four domestic soybeans selling in Korean markets. The 100-seed weight of soybeans imported from China and Seonpung cultivated in Korea was the highest at 33.23 g and 32.51 g, respectively. Soybeans imported from the USA (bulk type) showed the lowest at 16.12 g, followed by Ukraine at 16.94 g, and Brazil at 18.51 g. The range of protein and fat in the 12 soybeans was 37.08~41.36% and 18.35~22.17%, respectively. The isoflavone contents were the highest in Daepung2 cultivated in Korea at 3,764.10 μg/g and the lowest in soybeans imported from Brazil at 1,439.85 μg/g. Tofu yield among the samples was in the following order: Seonpung (235.2%), China (232.0%) Daepung2 (228.7%), Daechan (225.7%), and Brazil (208%). Tofu made with soybeans cultivated in Korea (including from China) showed a higher yield compared to that made from soybeans from seven other countries. In the analysis of the correlation of quality factors of tofu, the hardness of the tofu was correlated with 100-seed weight (r=0.676*) and protein content of the soybeans (r=0.837**). Tofu yield was correlated with 100-seed weight (r=0.748**) and protein content of the soybeans (r=0.583*).

The purpose of this study was to compare the quality characteristics of silken tofu products from the commercial market in Korea. Seven types of commercial silken tofu were sampled and their physicochemical properties, including soluble solid contents, salinity, pH, total acidity, moisture contents (total solid contents), crude protein and fat contents were evaluated. The TPA results suggest that the texture of silken tofu was very different from one another according to the type of and the amount of coagulant. The commercial silken tofu showed a range of pH 5.53~6.48, total acidity of 0.12~0.32%, soluble solid contents of 2.62~5.07 °Brix, salinity of 2.28~4.30%, and moisture contents of 87.10~92.24%, respectively. In terms of the coagulant of tofu, besides the GDL (glucono-δ- lactone), other coagulants such as MgCl2 for making ‘silken tofu’ in the Korean tofu market. The quality characteristics differed depending on the constituents of sample and the coagulants of tofu used. These results are expected to be useful in identifying new trends in the domestic silken tofu industry.

In this study, the physicochemical traits of soybean (100-seed weight, seed coat rate, protein content, composition, and amino acid content) and the quality of tofu (texture and sensory characteristics) were evaluated in order to determine the features of six varieties (Saedanbaek, Daechan, Daepung2, Seonpung, Miso, Saegeum) in terms of textural and sensory characteristics of tofu. Regardless of cultivar, the order of amino acid composition rate was as follows: Glutamic acid > Aspartic acid > Arginine > Leucine > Lysine. Approximately 50-60% of tofu (dry weight) consisted of protein, and among the cultivars, Tofu made from Saedanbaek showed the highest amount of protein at 59%. It was followed by tofu made from Miso at 54%. The rest contained about 50% protein. According to the result of correlation, crude lipid (-0.933**), crude protein (0.961**), and total phosphorus (0.924**) were strongly correlated with tofu hardness, and such factors could be utilized as an indicator of tofu quality.

목 적：자기공명영상 검사 시, 수신 코일에 의한 높은 신호강도 수집의 중요성이 점차 증대됨에 따라 다양하고 효율적인 수신 코일들이 개발되는 추세다. 즉, 수신 코일을 가볍고 유연하게 제작하거나 수신 코일과 인체 표면 간 거리조절이 가능하게 설계하여 다양한 크기나 모양을 가진 환자의 검사 부위에 최대한 밀착시켜 높은 신호를 수집할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다양한 환자를 고려하여 개발된 거리조절이 가능한 두부 수신 코일의 거리를 조절하여 수신 코일과 팬텀의 거리에 따른 신호강도를 비교하여 기존 코일과 비교해 실제 임상에서의 효율성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법：연구방법은, 수신 코일과 검사 부위 간 거리변화에 따른 신호강도를 측정하기 위해 성분은 같고 크기만 다른 2개의 원통형 팬텀을 사용하였으며, 수신 코일과 검사 부위 간 거리를 0cm부터 3cm까지 1cm씩 거리를 늘려 팬텀 영상을 획득하였다. 이때, 거리마다 ARC 가속 인자를 1-3까지 적용하여 수신 코일과 검사 부위의 거리변화 시, PI 기법 적용에 따른 신호 강도의 변화를 비교 측정하였다. 영상획득은 3.0T 초전도 자기공명영상장치와 48채널 Head Coil을 사용하여 병렬 영상기법을 적용한 표준 T1, T2 강조 영상을 획득하였고, 획득한 영상으로 NEMA 규격에 따른 감산 방법을 사용하여 신호와 잡음 데이터를 얻어 영상평가프로그램을 이용하여 영상의 신호강도를 측정하였다. 측정된 신호강도는 일원배치분산 분석과 사후분석을 이용하여 신호강도의 변화에 유의한 차이가 있는지 비교 평가하였다. 결과：연구결과, Large phantom과 Small phantom 모두 T2, T1 강조영상에서 거리가 가까울수록, PI 기법의 AF가 낮을수록 SNR이 증가했고 거리가 멀수록, AF가 높아질수록 SNR이 감소했다. 통계적 유의성을 알아보기 위해 일원배치분 산분석과 Duncan의 사후분석을 시행한 결과 유의수준 0.05에 대한 부 집단 중 Large phantom에서는 AF 1일 때 1, 2cm 에서 통계적으로 최대 SNR을 나타내는 0cm, AF 1과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 반면 Small phantom에서는 모든 그룹이 최대 SNR과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론：거리조절 두부 전용 코일을 사용할 경우 PI 기법을 사용하지 않는 일정 거리 내에서는 거리를 늘리지 않았을 때와 SNR의 강도에 통계적 차이가 없었다. 따라서 환자의 체격이 크거나 의료기구의 사용 등으로 거리를 증가시켜야 하는 경우 환자에게 불편함을 주지 않고 양질의 SNR을 가진 MRI 영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이라고 사료 된다