To examine the utilization of the soluble proteoglucan in oats as a nutraceutical ingredient, soluble components were extracted from Oat Bran Concentrate (OBC) by varying the experiment factors such as temperature (40
60oC), ethyl alcohol concentration (0~20%), and pH (5~9), and then analyzed for their compositions and viscosity. The total yield of oat soluble extracts ranged between 6.4~17.9 and the contents of β-glucan, protein, lipid, and ash in oat extracts were 21.4~38.3%, 23.2~29.0%, 8.3~11.8%, and 5.9~7.9%, respectively. The extraction yield increased with the extraction temperature, but decreased with the alcohol concentration and pH. The β-glucan and protein contents increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ethanol concentration. However, the pH level did not influenced those contents. The viscosity of 2% oat extract solution ranged between 8.6~83.1 cp at different share rates, showing the pseudo-plastic flow properties. Results suggested that extraction condition could be controlled the purity of β-glucan and protein and applied commercially to the large-scale process.

위암발증 원인을 밝히기 위하여 농촌지역 일반 주민들의 Helicobater pylori의 감염율과 생활습관 및 영양섭취 상태와의 상관관계를 검토하기 위하여 강원도 춘천시 인근 농촌 지역 주민들을 조사하였다. 조사 대상자는 40대 이상인 지역 주민 183 명으로 남자 81명, 여자 102명에 대하여 설문조사와 식사량 조사, 혈액 생화학적 분석 및 혈청 ELISA법에 의한 Helicobater pylori의 감염 정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사 대상자의 학력은 74.3%가 국졸이하였고, 월수입은 80.3%가 100만원 이하였다. 2. 조사 대상자의 직업은 75.3%가 농업에 종사하였으며, 가족형태는 62.8%가 핵가족이었다. 3. 출산 자녀수는 75.9%가 2명에서 5명의 자녀를 출산하였고, 음주자는 46.4%이며 매일 술을 마시는 사람이 12%였다. 흡연자는 21.9%였으며, 비흡연자는 78.1%였다. 4. 평균신장은 157.4㎝였고 여자의 평균 신장은 151.9㎝, 남자의 평균 신장은 164.4㎝였고 남녀간에 유의차가 있었다(p<0.001). 5. Helicobater pylori의 감염율은 총 조사대상자중 64.5%였으며, 남자가 65.4 %, 여자가 63.7 %였다. 감염율은 흡연자, 학력 수준이 낮을수록, 월수입이 적을수록, 출산 자녀수가 많을수록, 50대의 연령에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 6. Helicobater pylori의 감염 음성자와 양성자 간의 영양소 섭취실태를 보면 음성자가 에너지, 총지질(p<0.05), 동물성 지질(p<0.05), 철분 섭취량(p<0.001), 비타민 A의 섭취량(p<0.01), 비타민 C 섭취량(p<0.05)에 있어서 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 나타내었다. 그러나 칼슘 섭취량은 음성 인자가 낮았다.

This study was performed to develop a new natural antimicrobial materials by analyzing the effect of extracts obtained from Ten Lauraceae Species on the inhibitory activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The plant materials were collected from Wando and Jeju islands, and the antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was examined by the agar diffusion method with different part (i.e., leaf and branch), solvents (i.e., distilled water, 80% ethanol, and 100% methanol) and at different ultrasonic extracting times (i.e., 15, 30, and 45 minutes). The control agents used were synthetic antimicrobials, methylparaben and phenoxyethanol, at concentrations of 0.4, 1, 2, and 4 ㎎/disc. Altogether, extracts of 10 species used in the study showed inhibitory activity, which confirmed their antimicrobial action against acnes. Among these, leaves of Laurus nobilis L. which was extracted in 80% ethanol for 45 min showed the largest clear zone (19.8 ㎜). Leaves of L. nobilis L., showing highest antimicrobial activities among 10 species, were successively reextracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. As a results, in all fractions except butanol, clear zone above 10 ㎜ were formed. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity (13.3 ㎜) and the inhibitory activity was significantly higher than that of crude extract (10.2 ㎜) and phenoxyethanol as a control (12.5 ㎜).

Background : Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata) is important medicinal resource in korea. Gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) are major active compounds of G. elata, and ρ-cresol is major cause of off-odor like pig slurry from G. elata. The off-odor can decrease the quality of fresh G. elata as well as its products. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the influence of extraction temperature on bio-active and odorous compounds of G. elata extract. Methods and Results : G. elata was extracted with distilled water at 0, 30, 60, and 90℃ for 20, 40, 60, and 120 min. Gastrodin and 4-HBA contents were analyzed by using a HPLC-UVD, and ρ-cresol content was analyzed by using a SPME-GC-MS. Gastrodin content increased as increasing extraction temperature and time, and showed the highest value in extract at 90℃. 4-HBA content showed the highest value at 60℃, and increased as increasing extraction time. Total content of gastrodin and 4-HBA was higher in extract from G. elata at 60℃ for 120 min than other extracts. ρ-Cresol content was varied according to extraction temperature, and was lower in extract at 30 and 60℃ than 0 and 90℃. Conclusion : These results indicated that the extraction temperature can affect the bio-active components and off-odor of G. elata extract, and 60℃ is appropriate to improve the qualities including bio-active component and off-odor of G. elata extract and its products.

Background : Gastrodia elata (GE) is a perennial herb that belongs to the orchidaceae and is used as a medicinal or food material. Known pharmacological agents include gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. It is used as medicinal herb that is traditionally used for headache, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy and infant seizures. It is used for medicinal herbs such as sedation, hypnosis, epilepsy treatment, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, neuroprotection, antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, Antioxidant, memory improvement, anti-aging, antiviral, anti-tumor. The purpose of this study was to find the extraction method with the highest oxidative stress inhibition and to optimize the pharmacological effect of the extract. Methods and Results : GE was freeze-dried to obtain 5 g, and then extracted into 50 ㎖ of water. Extraction temperature was 0, 30, 60 and 90℃ for 20, 40, 60 and 120 min, respectively. After centrifugation, the mixture was filtered through a 0.45 ㎛ filter. ABTS scavenging ability, DPPH scavenging ability, total phenol content, neuronal cell line (PC12) cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress scavenging activity in neurons were measured by this extract. ABTS scavenging ability, DPPH scavenging ability and total phenol content increased with increasing temperature and extraction time. However, at 60℃ and 90℃ extraction temperature, there was no significant difference. The cytotoxicity of 2 ㎎/㎖ of GE extract was significantly increased in the extract group of 90℃ after 20 hours. Conclusion : From the above results, the water extraction conditions to optimize the pharmacological activity of GE were 120 minutes at 60℃ or less.

Background : Rehmannia glutinosa root (R. root) has been used as traditional medicine, and is important resource for natural medicines and functional foods. In Korea, various varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa have been developed, and these have various characteristics depending on the variety. Therefore, this study was performed to compare the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of R. root extracts with various varieties (Jihwang 1ho, Goryeo, Daegyeong, Gogang, Togang, Dagang, Wongang, Yeongang, Hwanggang, and Segang). Methods and Results : R. roots were extracted by reflux extraction method with 70% ethanol-water solution at 40℃, and their extracts were used for total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-aging activities. The total phenolic content, ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were highest in Yeongang, and these values were 11.50 ㎎/g, 9.37 ㎍/g TEAC, and 7.13 ㎍/g TEAC, respectively. However, the anti-aging activity on human dermal fibroblast cells treated with doxorubicin was higher in Segang, Dagang, and Goryeo than other varieties, and their senescence ratios were measured at 50.66, 57.16, and 61.36% when treated at 200 ㎍/㎖, respectively. The total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were negatively correlated with anti-aging activity. Conclusion : These results indicated that the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of R. root extracts were differed according to variety of Rehmannia glutinosa, and positive correlation between anti-oxidant activities and anti-aging activity was not shown.

Background : Prepared Rehmanniae root (PRR) has been used as traditional medicine, and is one of the most important oriental herbal medicines. However, physical characteristics of PRR are not suitable for use in industry. This study was performed to suggest preparation method of PRR powder, and determine the physicochemical characteristics of PRR powder with different pre-freezing temperatures. Methods and Results : Moisture content, powder yield, particle size, bulk density, compressive stress, extraction yield, and 5-HMF content of PRR powders with different pre-freezing temperatures (-20℃, -40℃, -60℃, and -80℃) were analyzed, and correlation among these factors was determined. Powder yield increased and particle size decreased in a pre-freezing temperature-dependent manner from -20℃ to -60℃. Hausner ratio increased from 1.186 to 1.225 with decreasing temperature from -20℃ to -80℃, and compressive stress showed the opposite trend. Extraction yield and 5-HMF content were not significantly different between PRR and powder. Significant correlations were observed among pre-freezing temperature and physical characteristics (yield, particle size, hausner ratio, and compressive stress). Conclusion : These results suggest that pre-freezing temperature was important factors affecting physical characteristics of PRR powder, and the results of this study are industrially applicable to production of PRR powder.

Background : Rehmannia glutinosa root (R. root) has been used as traditional medicine, and is important resource for natural medicines and functional foods. However, R. root have catalpol which have bitterness, and undigested sugars, including stachyose, raffinose, and verbascose as main compounds, and these compounds can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the changes in reducing sugar producted from undigested sugars and catalpol contents as a bitter taste compound in R. root with aging treatment conditions. Methods and Results : R. root was treated at 10 - 70℃ for 0 - 48 h, and extracted with 50% ethanol solution. Their catalpol content was analyzed using HPLC-UVD, reducing sugar content generated from undigested sugars was measured by the Nelson-Somogyi methods, and these reaction rates were calculated from their variation according to aging time and temperature. During aging treatment, reducing sugar content increased and catalpol content decreased. Their formation and degradation rates were highest at 50℃ and 30 - 40℃, and their rates were 1.89 ㎎/g·h and 23.09 - 23.33%/h, respectively. Conclusion : These results indicated that aging treatment can positively affect the sweetness and digestibility of R. root slurry. Therefore, aging treatment could be considered for improving the sensory qualities and digestibility of R. root.

Background: Rehmanniae radix preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional medicine and is one of the most important oriental herbal medicines. However, the physical characteristics of RRP are not suitable for use in industry. The present study was undertaken to determined the preparation method of RRP powder and the physicochemical characteristics of RRP powder by milling under different pre-freezing temperatures. Methods and Results: Moisture content, powder yield, particle size, bulk density, compressive stress, extraction yield, and 5-HMF content of PRR powders by milling with pre-freezing temperatures (−20, −40, −60, and −80℃) were analyzed, and correlation among these factors was determined. Powder yield increased and particle size decreased in a pre-freezing temperature-dependent manner from −20 to −60℃. The Hausner ratio increased from 1.186 to 1.225 with decreasing temperature from −20 to −80℃, whereas compressive stress showed the opposite trend. Extraction yield and 5-HMF content were not significantly different between RRP powder. Significant correlations were observed among pre-freezing temperature and physical characteristics (e.g., yield, particle size, Hausner ratio, and compressive stress). Conclusions: These results suggest that the pre-freezing temperature is an important factor affecting the physical characteristics of PRR powder and applicable to the industrial production of RRP powder

This study was designed to maximize extract yields of functional components in Angelica gigas Nakai by extrusion process. In addition, the optimizing condition of the extrusion process was established to increase the extraction of the functional components in A. gigas. The total polyphenol was increased by 40% compared to a control. And the optimizing condition was that the screw speed was 62.76 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 34.79 kg/h, and the amount of water was 4.44 kg/h. The result of antioxidant activities of A. gigas extrusion, the inhibition of oxidization had the effect of 10.29 ~ 14.59% compared to a control. The content of decursin and decursinol angelate, which were index components, was 6.37%; it was increased by 16.64% compared to a control (5.31%) and showed a significantly difference (p ＜ 0.05). And the optimizing condition was the screw speed 93.71 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 28.67 kg/h, and the amount of water was 9.9 kg/h.

고구마의 주된 이용부위는 괴근으로 보조식량 및 간식용으로 이용되어 왔고, 엽병은 표피를 벗겨 나물용과 김치 용으로도 활용되고 있다. 하지만 최근에는 엽신 부분에 lutein과 β-carotene을 비롯한 여러 기능성 물질이 많이 함유 되어 있어 가공식품 및 건강기능 식품으로 그 이용도가 확대되고 있다. 고구마의 이용부위의 확대는 고구마의 경 제적 가치를 제고 시킬 수 있는 수단뿐만 아니라 국민 식생활 개선을 통한 건강증진에도 큰 도움을 줄 것으로 기대 된다. 본 연구에서는 국내산 몇 가지 고구마 품종들을 대상으로 엽내 lutein, β-carotene 및 total polyphenol 함량을 조사하였다. 품종별 고구마 잎의 lutein 함량은 105~391 ㎍/g로 품종에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며, 주황미, 진홍미, 전 미, 율미 등이 각각 391, 348, 343, 310 ㎍/g으로 다른 품종들에 비해 높게 나타났다. 품종별 고구마 잎의 β-carotene 함량은 240~1,038 ㎍/g으로 나타났으며, 주황미, 율미, 진홍미, 신자미 등에서 각각 1,038, 803, 772, 737 ㎍/g으로 다 른 품종들에 비해 높았다. 품종별 total polyphenol 함량은 16.6~34.1 mg/g으로 유사하게 나타났으며, 다호미, 대유 미, 신율미, 신황미 등에서 각각 34.1, 28.7, 27.9, 27.1 mg/g으로 다른 품종들에 비해 높았다. 품종별 잎의 수량성은 신황미, 주황미, 신자미, 다호미, 대유미 등의 순으로 높게 나타났다.

국내 콩 유망 장려품종 중 2009년까지 육성된 120품종의 종실 Saponin 함량의 변이를 구명하여 기능성 콩 품종개발 의 기초자료로 활용코자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 콩 종실의 Group A와 B saponin을 합한 Total saponin 함량은 2431.1 ∼8231.3μg g-1의 범위였고, 평균은 4910.5μg g-1이었다. Total saponin 중, Group A saponin은 225.6∼1,193.3μg g-1의 범위였고, 평균은 592.5μg g-1이었다. Group B saponin은 2168.6∼7270.0μg g-1 범위였고, 평균은 4318.0μg g-1이었다. 각종 생리활성 효과를 나타내는 물질로 인식되는 Group B saponin이 높은 상위 품종은 원황콩, 녹채콩, 부광콩, 장 기콩 및 흑미콩 이었다. 콩 Saponin 함량은 품종, 육성연대, 용도, 종실크기 및 육성모지에 따라서 유의한 차이를 보 였다. 육성연대는 2000년도 이후가, 용도는 나물콩이, 종실크기는 소립종이, 육성모지는 익산이 Total saponin 함량 이 가장 높았다. Total saponin 함량과 Group B saponin의 함량 간에는 정의 상관이었다.

본 연구는 강낭콩 싹나물의 재배시 재배온도에 따른 싹나물의 재배특성 및 항산화 활성을 분석하여 강낭콩을 이용한 채소용 싹나물 재배방법 구명과, 강낭콩 싹나물이 가진 성분 및 활성 등을 분석하여 최적 재배 조건을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1.강낭콩 싹나물 재배를 위하여 20℃, 23℃ 및 25℃의 온도에서 5일간 재배한 결과 전장 및 배축장은 23℃에서 재배하였을 경우 가장 우수하게 재배되었으며, 배축직경의 경우는 온도와 상관없이 모두 유사하게 재배되었다. 2.재배온도별 강낭콩 싹나물의 불완전발아율 및 수율을 측정한 결과 재배온도별로 큰 차이를 보였으며, 20℃ 및 25℃에서 재배 시 50%가 넘는 불완전발아율을 보였으나, 23℃에서는 10% 내외로 나타났다. 3.강낭콩 싹나물의 재배온도별 조지방 및 조단백질 함량을 분석한 결과 재배온도 및 강낭콩 품종에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 4.재배온도(20℃, 23℃ 및 25℃) 및 일수(0일, 3일, 5일 및 7일)별 강낭콩 싹나물의 폴리페놀 함량 및 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과 재배온도 및 일수가 증가함에 따라 폴리페놀 함량 및 라디칼 소거능이 증가하였으며, 특히 23℃에서 재배 시 가장 높은 폴리페놀 함량 및 라디칼 소거능을 나타냈다.

국내에서 2009년까지 육성된 콩 120품종들의 saponin 함량 변이를 구명하여 콩 기능성 품종 개발의 기초자료로 활용코자 본 연구를 수행하였다. Saponin 함량은 Group A saponin이 225.6∼1,193.3㎍/g의 범위였고 평균은 592.5㎍/g이었으며, Group B saponin은 2168.6∼7270.0㎍/g 범위였고 평균은 4318.0㎍/g이었다. Group A와 B saponin을 합한 총 saponin 함량은 2431.1∼8231.3㎍/g의 범위였고 평균은 4910.5㎍/g이었다. 콩 saponin 함량은 품종, 육성연대, 용도, 종실크기 및 육성모지 간에 따라서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 각종 생리활성을 나타내는 물질로 인식되는 group B saponin이 높은 5개 품종들은 원황콩, 녹채콩, 부광콩, 장기콩 및 흑미콩 이었다. 육성연대는 2000년도 이후가, 용도는 나물콩이, 종실크기는 소립종이, 육성모지는 익산이 총 saponin 함량이 가장 높았다. 총 saponin 함량과 Group B saponin의 함량 간에는 정의 상관이었다.

고품질 콩 품종육성을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 한국 재래콩 292점의 isoflvone과 saponin 함량의 변이를 구명한 결과, 총 isoflavone 함량은 평균1390.2㎍/g 이었고 420.6∼2907.3㎍/g의 범위였다. isoflavone 함량의 분포는 1000∼1500㎍/g 범위에서 가장 많이 분포하였고, 1500∼2000㎍/g의 범위가 그 다음으로 높았고, 2500㎍/g이상은 5점 이었다. isoflavone함량은 genistein, daidzein 및 glycitein 순으로 높았다. 총 isoflavone의 함량은 daidzein 및 genistein과 높은 정의 상관관계 이었고, daidzein 과 genistein 간에도 정의 상관관계이었다. 총 saponin 함량은 평균4347㎍/g 이었고 1932∼8400㎍/g의 범위였다. Group A saponin 함량은 평균529㎍/g 이었고 243∼1231㎍/g의 범위였다. Group B saponin 함량은 평균3817㎍/g이었고 1584∼7598㎍/g의 범위였다. Group B saponin이 높은 자원은 IT226841, IT228304, IT228251이었으며, 총 saponin함량이 높은 자원은 IT226841(8,400㎍/g)이었다. 총 saponin 함량과 Group B saponin의 함량 간에는 정의 상관이었다.