The changes of approximate composition, antioxidant activity and melatonin content in rapeseed were monitored during 10 days germination to choose the optimum sprouts with beneficial functionalities. The moisture content of seeds increased from 3.23% to 17.50% during 10 days germination period, while ash content was similar (4.03~4.91%). The fat content was reduced from 38.18% to 22.65%, however, protein content increased from 21.43% to 26.72%. The carbohydrate content increased from 32.71% to 35.84% at 8th day. The reducing sugar and fiber contents reached 10.47% and 15.12% at 6th day from 4.04% and 12.82%, respectively. Eighth day sprouts contained highest level of polyphenol (gallic acid equivalent, 19.2 g/kg). Germination increased antioxidant activities (trolox equivalent, mmol/kg) of seeds with slight difference depending on assay. That is, antioxidant activity was highest at 6th day in DPPH radical scavenging (55.9), 10th day both in ABTS radical scavenging (71.6) and Fe(III) reducing (125.3), and 4th day in peroxy radical scavenging (116.7) assay. Melatonin content of seeds (0.85 μg/kg) also increased and reached up to 14.93 μg/kg at 6th day. In conclusion, germination more than 4 days raised antioxidant activity of seeds highly, and 6th day sprouts had additional benefit in terms of melatonin, reducing sugar and crude fiber contents.

In the both overlap connection and connection with tapered threaded splices of seismic test results, the good agreement of seismic capacity are shown. Therefore the proposed tapered threaded splices can be applied to the RC structure to replace the overlap connection of rebar.

This study reviews the definition of false preparation and alteration in the crime of false preparation or alteration of public electromagnetic records(Article 227-2 of Criminal Act). Article 227-2 of Criminal Act protects the trustworthiness of the general public concerning the authenticity of public electromagnetic records, not the accuracy of information processing with electromagnetic record. Additionally in view of the fact that electromagnetic record crimes(Article 227-2 and Article 232-2 of Criminal Act) was enacted by following the form and contents of document crimes, the stand of Criminal Act which takes formalism(punishment of unauthorized preparation of document) on document crimes in principle, materialism(punishment of preparation of false document) exceptionally should be accomplished. So false preparation means to make an electromagnetic record without authority and alteration means to change the contents of a ready-made electromagnetic record without authority. This interpretation results from the systematic analyses of the penal clauses of crimes concerning documents and electromagnetic records, not from the mechanical identity of document with electromagnetic record. So I don’t agree with this judgement of the Supreme Court(2013do9003). Although we can not deny the necessity and worthiness of punishment of the preparation of false public electromagnetic record, the act of defendant cannot be punished by Article 227-2. In order to punish the preparation of false public electromagnetic records, it’s necessary to legislate a new clause. I think the terms of false preparation and alteration of public electromagnetic records are not appropriate, because these are very unfamiliar and confused with counterfeit or alteration of official document(Article 225 of Criminal Act) and private document(Article 232 of Criminal Act). So I recommend “to make an electromagnetic record without authority and to change the contents of a ready-made electromagnetic record without authority, instead of false preparation(falsification) or alteration of public and private electromagnetic records(Article 227-2 and Article 232-2 of Criminal Act). And as a result it needs to legislate a new clause that punishes the preparation of false public electromagnetic records.

Relocation of weather station leads to changes in geographical climate factors such as latitude, longitude, elevation, topographical relief and land cover of surrounding area that inf luence on local climate. This study analyzes spatio-temporal characteristics and relationships between geographical factors such as location, topographical relief and land cover, and changes in climate data such as temperature, precipitation and wind due to relocation of 12 weather stations in South Korea. Changes in temperature and moisture are attributed to changes in land cover by the relocation. Wonju and Gumi where the stations were relocated from rural to new built-up area show increases in temperature, while temperature in Sokcho, Changwon, Cheonan, Daejeon, Gunsan and Mokpo decreased with the relocations from urban to rural area. Relative humidity in Mokpo, Gunsan and Daejeon increases due to increase in farming land. Changes in topographical relief influence on precipitation, wind and duration of sunshine. The relocation in Chungju to interior of basin led to decreases in precipitation and duration of sunshine, and Boryeong shows decrease in precipitation by the relocation from windward slope to hilly coastal area. Wind speed in Gunsan with the relocation from coastal to inland area decreased due to influence of neighboring hills. Shadow effect by neighboring building or vegetation can be attributed to changes in duration of sunshine in Gwangju and Wonju.

Background : Recently, there is a urgent demand for development of new varieties with enhanced resistance to various biotic/abiotic stresses. In order to develop ginseng varieties with such traits, systematic breeding program and comprehensive field studies are prerequisite. Methods and Results : ‘Cheonmyeong' seeds were collected in 2008 from the farmer field of Buyeo. Physiological investigation and propagation were conducted from 2009 to 2011. It was given the name 'Eumseong No. 8 through the observed yield trial from 2012 to 2013 and local adaptability was carried out from 2014 to 2015. All phenotypes including agronomic characteristics, seed yield, and physiological response to biotic/abiotic stresses were investigated according to the ginseng GAP and UPOV guidelines. Yellow-red leaf and pink berry at maturing stage were observed. The time of emergence, flowering and berry maturity of the ‘Cheonmyeong’ were faster than those of ‘Chunpoong’. Stem length of ‘Cheonmyeong’ was shorter than that of ‘Chunpoong’, whereas stem diameter was thicker than that of ‘Chunpoong’. Main root length was shorter but main root diameter is thicker than that of ‘Chunpoong’. Number of seeds of ‘Cheonmyeong’ was fewer than that of ‘Chunpoong’ but 1,000-seeds weight and stratification rate were higher than those of ‘Chunpoong’. The yield performance of this variety was 661 kg/10 a in local adaptability test for two years, which is 22% higher than that of ‘Chunpoong’. ‘Cheonmyeong’ showed strong resistance to phytophthora blight, mulberry mealybug and nematode and moderate resistance to alternaria blight. ‘Cheonmyeong’ did almost not occur yellow spot of aerial part and rusty skin of root, show moderate resistance at high temperatures. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that ‘Cheonmyeong’ is an ideal variety with heavier root weight and enhanced stress resistance and contribute will enhance biotic/abiotic stress resistance and increase the farmers' income.

Background : Cirsium japonicum seeds is the high price, less than 40% germination rate is low. There is a need for a method developed to increase seed germination rate increases consumption. Also, by measuring the harvest season each functional ingredients contents was performed to investigate the optimal timing harvest of ingredients that target. Methods and Results : Test materials were used Cirsium japonicum seeds harvested from late May until mid-June in medicinal testing ground. GA3(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm), Kinetin(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm) and KNO3(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm) of Growth regulator were treated, it examined the population grew more than 1 ㎜. Contents of functional components to harvest season analyzed by HPLC after pre-treatment harvested and drying the leaves and roots in late august until early November. Germination rate of the growth regulator treatment was higher by 52% from the full ripening brown seeds GA3 100 ppm, 56% in the Kinetin 50 ppm, KNO3 treatment in 52% germination in 25 mM. The white seed germination rate was low at less than 10% of all growth regulator treatment. Functional ingredient content of leaf according to harvest time were higher respectively Rutin is 8.61 ug/g in late october, apigenin is 59.6 ug/g in beginning november, quercetin is 8.61 ug/g in beginning september, kaemferol is 32.9 ug/g in late september. Very low content in roots, there was no significant difference. The main ingredient silymarin was highest 4.36 ㎎/g at the late september in case of leaf, and syringin was maintained at a high level from mid-september to early october. Conclusion : Seed germination is thought to be able to increase the germination through the growth regulator treatment and assort brown seed. Functional components according to the harvest time is determined to be able to improve effective component when processing harvest to select a high yield by the component for the purpose.

Background : The roots of Curcuma longa Radix is used to make herbal medicine, which is registrated in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. This species is a perennial herb, and is distributed throughout tropical and/or sub tropical regions. High temperature and humidity with small difference between daytime and nighttime is the finest environment condition in this species. Recently, demand for C. longa has been expanded to cultivation area as central region from southern region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of harvest time on the growth, yield characteristics and main composition contents in C. longa. Methods and Results : Curcuma longa rhizomes were harvested from farmland in Jindo, Jeollanam-do in end October, early November, middle November, end November, early December, middle December and end December 2015. Harvested rhizome were dried in hot air drier, and it was investigated as growth characteristics and yield. Contents of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin was analyzed from dried powder of rhizome. The analysis column was used to Phenomenex, Kinetex 2.6um F5 100A 100*2.1mm. 10 mg of standard was taken, 80% MeOH was added to dissolve in 10 ㎖ flask. 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ㎖ was taken from dissolved solution and then was added to 10 ㎖ of 80% MeOH. It was filtered through 0.45 ㎛ filter and then 5 μℓ was taken to make standard solution. Analytical calibration curve was measured to diluted solution within sample concentration. 2 g of ground sample was taken, 40㎖ of 80% MeOH was added to extract by ultrasound sonication during 60 minutes and then it was filtered through 0.2 ㎛ filter to analyze component content. Conclusion : The root weight significantly increased from 376.1 g in end October to 695.9 g in end December as 1.8 double. Curcumin contents differed significantly among harvest times in end November and early December. Demethoxycurcumin increased from early November to end November, and Bisdemethoxycurcumin increased to the early November.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of harvest time on the growth, yield characteristics and loganin content in Dipsacus asperoides Wall. Methods and Results: Dipsacus asperoides seedlings were planted within a nursery environment in early May 2015 and harvested in early, middle and late October 2015, and early November 2015. Harvest time did not result significant differences in the plant height, stem diameter, branch length, leaf width and aboveground dry weight moreover, no significant differences were observed in root length, number of roots and root diameter. However, the diameter of lateral roots was greater in the harvests from the late October and period thereafter. The highest values of root dry weight and yield were recorded in early November. Specifically, the yield significantly increased from 205 ㎏/10 a (index: 100) in early October to 358 ㎏/10 a (index: 175) in early November, in terms of root part weight. Loganin contents of D. asperoides differed significantly among harvest times raging from 0.0766% in early October to 0.1704% in late November, thereby showing an increasing trend in later harvest times. Conclusions: These results suggest that the optimum harvest time for D. asperoides is early November, when the yield is the highest. Harvest time significantly affected loganin contents, which constantly increased from early October until early November.

Drought caused by global climate change is one of serious problems for rice cultivation. However, it was little reported the impact of drought on rice cultivation in Korea. In here, to assess impact of drought on rice varieties in Korean climate condition, growth characteristics and yield components of rice were compared on irrigated and partially irrigated rice paddy field. First, we have chosen 11 rice varieties including ‘Saeilmi’ and ‘Shindongjin’ which are widely cultivated in Korea. For partially irrigated rice paddy treatment, we have withheld irrigation from 25 days after transplanting and water supply was totally dependent on rainfall for rice cultivation. When we examined early plant height and tiller number of these varieties on partially irrigated rice paddy were reduced 1.6% to 18.4% and 10.4% to 33.1%, respectively, and these reduction rate were highly correlated with yield loss in our experimental conditions. Among rice yield components, panicle number was decreased 10.5% to 30.1% according to rice varieties and reduced panicle number was highly correlated with yield loss. Grain number per panicle, grain filling rate and 1,000 seeds weight did not have correlation with yield loss of rice varieties. These result means that growth stage, especially the tillering stage, is seriously affected by drought on rice cultivation in Korea. And we suggest that ‘Saeilmi’, ‘Ilmi’ and ‘Ilpum’ are good for rice cultivation on drought prone rice field in Korea.

Background : This study examined the effect of harvesting time on the growth, yield characteristics, and major beneficial components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results : Although plant height, stem diameter and branch length were not affected by harvesting time, the number of stems was highest when harvested in mid October. There were no differences in root length and thickness, however, the rhizome was thicker when it was harvested at the end of October or early November than when it was harvested in early and mid October. The dried root weight also showed a similar pattern. However, there was a statistically significant increase to 408 ㎏ (16%) in the rhizome weight when in late October and a rise to 455 ㎏ (29%) when harvested in early November. Harvest time had little effect on the content of the major component of S. miltiorrhiza. For example, salvianolic acid content rose from 9.42 to 9.64% with later harvest times, and tanshinone ΠA content was tended to be slightly more increased in mid October which S. miltiorrhiza has 0.22% tanshinon ΠA than in early October. Conclusions : According to these results, the optimum harvest time for S. miltiorrhiza is early November when plant or major component yields are hightest. There were no significant harvest time effects on the major beneficial components.

Purpose: The current study explored differences in psychosocial variables by the physical activity stages in a random sample of middle aged adults, and identified the relationship of physical activity with psychosocial variables. Methods: A total of 426 adults aged from 40 to 59 years old who reside in Nowon-gu, Seoul were voluntarily participated in the study. The study participants responded stage of change scale for physical activity, global physical activity questionnaire, self-efficacy scale, decisional balance scale, and social support. Frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, MANOVA, Correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied using SPSS 20.0. Results: Results indicated that except perceived barriers self-efficacy, perceived benefits, friend support, and family support increased significantly across the stages of physical activity. Furthermore, based on the regression analysis, the most important predictors of physical activity in a descending order of significance were family support, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and friend support, and family support The total variance in physical activity explained by these variables was 48%. Conclusion: The present study offers a starting point for practical interventions aimed at increasing physical activity levels of middle aged adults in healthcare settings, and also encourages and supports healthcare providers who are working in the community to increase their knowledge of physical activity and its related psychosocial variables.

11개 nSSR 표지를 이용하여 안면도지역 곰솔 채종원 ’81단지와 내륙과 해안집단의 화분유동과 교배양식 유전모수를 추정하였다. 이형접합도 관측치(Ho)와 Shannon의 유전다양성지수(I)는 안면도 곰솔 채종원(클론: He = 0.680, I = 1.608; 종자: He = 0.636～0.646, I = 1.472～1.508)과 내륙집단(성목: He = 0.690, I = 1.691; 종자: He = 0.658～0.685, I = 1.573～1.636), 해안집단(성목: He = 0.683, I = 1.641; 종자: He = 0.665～0.685, I = 1.595～1.669) 간에 유의한 차이는 없으며, 각 집단의 생산년도간에 뿐 만 아니라 세대간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P > 0.05). MLTR로 분석으로 추정한 교배양식 유전모수를 추정한 결과 다수 유전자좌 타가교배율(채종원: 0.887∼0.919, 내륙: 0.948∼0.972, 해안: 0.850 ∼0.932)과 양친 근친교배(채종원: 0.003∼0.006, 내륙: 0.038∼0.066, 해안: 0.034∼0.099)는 집단간에 유의한 차이가 없는 반면, 2009년 생산된 종자에서 추정된 부계상관(채종원: 0.022, 내륙집단: 0.010, 해안집단: 0.047)은 집단간에 유의한 차이가 있다(P < 0.05). 안면도 지역 곰솔 집단 전반은 화분수의 유전다양성이 높고 교배의 대부분이 다수의 화분수가 기여하는 타가수정으로 이루어지기 때문에 각 집단의 공간구조와 유전구조의 차이에도 불구하고 세대간 유전변이의 감소가 없으며, 집단간에 유전다양성의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 생각된다. 반면 임분의 밀도와 규모 등에 따라 생산년도간에 유전모수의 변이를 달리하며, 그중 곰솔 해안집단은 연간 변이에 큰 차이를 보이고 있어 다른 집단에 비해 교배환경의 변화에 반응이 크게 나타나는 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구는 유색미 품종들의 적정 재배시기와 지역에 따른 색소발현 및 항산화 활성 변이를 분석하여 고품질의 유색미를 생산할 수 있는 적정 재배관리기술의 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 밀양, 봉화, 상주, 의성 4지역에서 이앙시기를 5월 20일, 6월 5일, 6월 20일 3시기에 걸쳐서 흑미 3품종과 적미 2품종을 재배한 결과 출수 후 30일간의 평균기온 19.0℃ 이상에서 평균기온이 1℃ 증가할 때마다 흑미의 안토시아닌 함량은 약 9.9%, 적미의 총폴리페놀 함량은 약 9%씩 감소하였다. 2. 유색미의 기능성물질 함량을 증대시키기 위한 출수 후 30일간 적정등숙온도는 흑미의 경우 조생종은 22~23℃, 중만생종은 21~22℃의 범위였으며, 적미도 21~22℃ 범위였다. 3. 전국 지역별 30년간의 기상자료를 토대로 적정출수기를 추정한 결과 제천지역은 조생종이 8월 11일에서 8월 17일, 중만생종은 8월 25일경이며 보은지역은 조생종이 8월 15일에서 8월 19일, 중만생종은 8월 20일에서 8월 27일에 해당되었다. 영주지역은 조생종이 8월 15일에서 8월 21일, 중만생종은 8월 24일 경이었고, 충주지역은 조생종이 8월 17일에서 8월 23일, 중만생종은 8월 22일에서 8월 29일에 해당되었다. 대구지역은 조생종이 8월 27일에서 9월 2일, 중만생종은 9월 3일에서 9월 6일경으로 주요 재배적지는 제천, 보은, 문경, 영주 등이었다. 4. 적정파종기 추정결과 제천지역은 조생종이 5월 18일에서 5월 26일, 중만생종이 4월 11일 경이었으며, 보은지역은 조생종이 5월 23일에서 5월 28일, 중만생종이 4월 9일에서 4월 26일, 문경지역은 조생종이 5월 24일에서 6월 1일, 중만생종이 4월 21일에서 5월 4일, 영주지역은 조생종이 5월 22일에서 5월 30일, 중만생종이 4월 13일에서 4월 27일, 충주지역은 조생종이 5월 31일에서 6월 7일, 중만생종은 5월 4일에서 5월 14일 경으로 추정되었다.

In the both loading test results and analytical results of specimens with tapered threaded splices, the good agreement of load-carrying capacity are shown. Therefore the proposed model for tapered threaded splices can be applied to the analysis of structure with tapered threaded splices.

In reinforced concrete structure, rebar connection method should be considered because of its structural role to resist the tensile stress and its structural load transmission with concrete in the concrete structure. Lapped splice and mechanical sleeve type connector have been traditionally used to connect rebar in the concrete structures. In this study, to examine the mechanical and failure behaviors of rebar bar connected by taper type coupler in the concrete member depending on connection type and condition, tensile tests of steel rebar with taper type coupler and flexible loading tests of concrete beams were conducted. Its tensile strength and flexible strength of the rebar connected by taper type coupler were compared and evaluated by mechanical behaviors of rebar. From this study, steel rebar connected by taper type coupler showed it has similar mechanical performance comparing with unconnected rebar, thus taper type coupler can be used in the rebar fabrication of reinforced concrete structure.

Sorghum seed is traditionally used as health supplements and the secondary food mixed with rice in Korea. While the research of reserve protein in sorghum seed have been carried out in many countries used as major food, much less is known about reserve proteins of Korean local sorghum seeds. To obtain protein characteristics in 20 Korean local sorghum seed, quantitative content of reserve protein was determined after fractionation by modified ‘Osbone’ method and α-kafirin of prolamin was determined by SDSPAGE. Mean albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin contents based on total seed protein content of 20 Korean local sorghum seed were 6.2%, 0.9%, 57.9% and 35.1%, respectively. Sorghum cultivar with high prolamin were ‘Whin-susu’, ‘Whin-Chalsusu’, ‘Whanggeum-Chalsusu’, and ‘Daepungshushu’. Sorghum cultivar with high α-kafirin were ‘Whin-susu’, ‘Geumsan-Chalsusu’, ‘Whin-Chalsusu’, and ‘Jangmok-susu’. Among the 20 varieties, ‘Whin-susu’ and ‘Whin-Chalsusu’ were selected as high α -kafirin and prolamin sorghum cultivar, which showed 64.5 and 71.9% of prolamin contents, respectively.

최근 육성한 벼 품종을 대상으로 조생종, 중생종, 중만생종 품종에 대한 발아세 및 발아율에 대한 차이를 알아보고 자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험재료는 국립식량과학원 벼 재배 시험포장 신흥통(사앙토)에서 재배한 메벼로 조생 종 11, 중생종 15, 중만생종 15품종 등 41품종에 대하여 조사하였다. 시험처리는 생육상(한백과학, HB-503LF)에서 25℃ 항온으로 품종당 100립을 페트리디쉬에 치상하여 3반복 조사하였다. 발아세는 치상 후 5일에, 발아율은 치상 후 14일에 조사하여 발아립수를 총 시험립수로 나누었다. 시험결과 화왕벼 등 조생종의 발아세는 설레미 67.3%∼ 조평벼 97% 범위였으며, 평균 발아세는 86.6%였다. 치상 후 14일후의 발아율은 운광벼 86.0%∼조평벼 98.7% 였으 며, 평균 발아율은 91.8%였다. 중생골드 등 중생종의 발아세는 신백벼 53.7%∼청운벼 97.3% 범위였고, 중생종 15 품종에 대한 평균 발아세는 91.1%였다. 치상 후 14일후의 발아율은 신백벼 91.7%∼청운벼 99% 로 평균 발아율은 95.4% 였다. 현품벼 등 중만생종의 발아세는 소다미 74%∼삼광벼 99.7% 였으며, 평균 발아세는 94.7% 였다. 치상 후 14일 후의 발아율은 황금노들 94.3%∼삼광벼 100% 였다. 중만생종 15품종의 평균 발아율은 97.8% 였다. 벼 숙 기별 발아세 및 발아율은 중만생종> 중생종>조생종> 순으로 높았다. 총 41 품종중에서 발아세가 높았던 품종은 삼광벼로 99.7% 였다. 품종에 대한 발아세 및 발아율에 대한 정보를 활용해 본답 결주율을 사전에 방지 할 수 있다. 최근 농촌 일손 부족을 해소하고 생산비를 절감 시키기 위하여 벼 무논점파 재배기술이 널리 확산 보급되고 있으 므로 발아율이 높은 품종은 초기 신장성과 연계해 벼 무논점파용 품종으로 적응성이 높을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 참깨 유전자원 핵심집단과 주요 품종 및 우량계통의 세사민과 세사몰린, 지방 함량변이를 분석하여 리그난 함량이 높은 참깨 품종육성을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 본 시험에 이용된 참깨 유전자원 143점의 리그난 함량 범위는 2.33 mg/g에서 12.17 mg/g으로 나타났다. 그 중 터키에서 수집된 IT184615은 리그난 함량이 12.17 mg/g으로 가장 높아 리그난 함량 개량을 위한 유전자원으로 활용성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 참깨 유전자원을 14개의 수집원산지별, 4개의 종피색(백, 황, 갈, 흑)별, 4개의 SSR마커그룹으로 분류하고 리그난 함량과의 유의성을 검정한 결과 세사민, 세사몰린 함량은 수집원산지, 종피색 간에 유의한 차가 인정되었다. 러시아(10.0 mg/g), 네팔(9.08 mg/g)에서 수집된 유전자원은 다른 국가에서 수집된 유전자원보다 평균 리그난 함량이 높았다. 세사민 함량은 세사몰린 함량과 정의 상관관계가 있어 리그난 함량이 높은 참깨 품종 육성을 위해서는 두 성분을 동시에 높이는 방향으로 선발되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 참깨 주요 품종과 우량계통의 리그난, 지방 함량의 지역간, 연차간 변이를 분석하여 품질특성에 미치는 환경의 영향을 분석한 결과 리그난과 지방 함량은 지역간, 연차간에 고도로 유의적인 차이가 인정되었고 지역간 변이가 계통 간 변이보다 커서 유전변이보다 환경변이의 변이의 폭이 넓었다. 따라서 리그난, 지방 함량이 높은 참깨 품종 육성을 위해서는 함량이 높은 유전자원을 육종재료로 활용함과 동시에 리그난 축적에 관계되는 재배환경에 관한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.