PURPOSES: The dynamic modulus for a specimen can be determined by using either the non-destructed or destructed testing method. The Impact Resonance Testing (IRT) is the one of the non-destructed testing methods. The MTS has proved the source credibility and has the disadvantages which indicate the expensive equipment to operate and need a lot of manpower to manufacture the specimens because of the low repeatability with an experiment. To overcome these shortcomings from MTS, the objective of this paper is to compare the dynamic modulus obtained from IRT with MTS result and prove the source credibility. METHODS: The dynamic modulus obtained from IRT could be determined by using the Resonance Frequency (RF) from the Frequency Response Function (FRF) that derived from the Fourier Transform based on the Frequency Analysis of the Digital Signal Processing (DSP)(S. O. Oyadigi; 1985). The RF values are verified from the Coherence Function (CF). To estimate the error, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) method could be used. RESULTS : The dynamic modulus data obtained from IRT have the maximum error of 8%, and RMSE of 2,000MPa compared to the dynamic modulus measured by the Dynamic Modulus Testing (DMT) of MTS testing machine.. CONCLUSIONS: The IRT testing method needs the prediction model of the dynamic modulus for a Linear Visco-Elastic (LVE) specimen to improve the suitability.

Feeding habits of white croacker, Pennahia argentata, were analyzed by using the stomach contents of 153 specimens caught by bottom trawl from May 2011 to March 2012 in the Sejon island, Korea. To know feeding habits of the white croacker, P. argentata, a species composition and it’s fluctuation were analyzed based on growth. White croacker, P. argentata caught in the area composes 15 species. The most species in an number of the prey was Macrura which was occupied at 66.4% from whole prey, the second most species was Pisces which was occupied at 20.3%. The most species in an wet-weight of the prey was Pisces which was 49.3% out of the whole specimens. The second most species was Macrura which was 43.3%. The frequency occurrence of the prey was Macrura which was 68.6%, the next one was Pisces which was 28.8%. The highest Index of Relative Importance (IRI) of the prey was Macrura which was 78.2%, the next one was Pisces which was 28.8%. A number of the prey per specimen of small, middle and large class were 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, respectively. A wet weight of the prey per specimen of small, middle and large class were 0.2, 0.6, 0.2 g, respectively.

The study aims at analyzing a species composition of the fish live in bottom of the coastal waters off Geomun island, Korea. To reach the goal of the study, a species composition and it’s monthly fluctuation, a monthly fluctuation of the dominant species and it’s appearance type was analyzed the fishes caught by the bottom trawl. The result obtained can be summerrized as follows; Fish caught in this area composes 14 orders, 34 families, and 47 species. The largest number of fish species was Perciformes (15 families and 19 species). The most dominant species in an number of fish was jhon dory, Zeus faber which was occupied at 22.5% from the whole number, the second most dominant species was horse mackerel, Trachurus japonicus which was occupied at 21.2%. Four groups were categorized based on appearance time period.

The objective of this study was to investigate the total sugar content of cooked rice (e.g. Bokkeumbap, Deopbap,Bibimbap, Gimbap, Chobap) and side dishes (Jjigae, Kimchi, Jangajji) by using HPLC analysis. Samples were col-lected from six regions in Korea (Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Gangwon-do, Jeonla-do, Gyeongsangdo).In cooked rice, the total sugar content in Bibimbap (8.537g/100g), Jangeo-deopbap (3.207g/100g), and Saladgim-bap (2.394g/100g) was higher than that of other cooked rice. Also the analysis results showed that the total sugarcontent of cooked rice with spice and sauce added was a little higher than that of other kinds of cooked rice. Fromthe analysis of Jjigae, it was shown that Doenjang-jjigae (1.805g/100g) from the Jeonla-do region had the highesttotal sugar content while there was no difference in total sugar content from the other regions. In case of Kimchi,that from Jeonla-do and Gyeongsang-do was very sweet, salty, and spicy, and the total sugar content was higherthan that from the other regions. The highest total sugar content among the analyzed Kimchi was in Godeulppaegi-kimchi with a value of 8.188g/100g. In addition, the total sugar content in Jangajjie, as a pickle among side dishes,was shown to be higher than that of the other side dishes with the highest range among Jangajjie of 32.865g/100gto 41.846g/100g being found in Maesil-jangajji.

The objective of this study was to investigate the total sugar content in take-out foods by using HPLC analysis.Samples of take-out food were collected from six regions in Korea (Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, Gang-won-do, Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do). The samples consisted of 30 main dishes (12 Chinese dishes and 18 flour-baseddishes) and 19 desserts (11 rice cakes and 8 breads). In case of Chinese food, the maximum total sugar content ofTangsuyuk, Ganjajang, Jajangmyeon, and Gun-mandu was 10.346g/100g, 2.409g/100g, 1.589g/100g, and 1.988g/100g respectively. The total sugar content in seasoned Chinese food with sauces was higher than that of the otherChinese food. In case of flour-based food as a main dish, flour-based food seasoned with red pepper paste and manysauces such as Tteokbokki, Naengmyeon, and Guksue had a higher total sugar content than Mandutguk, Tteok-manduguk, and Udong. In particular, Hoe-naengmyeon had the highest total sugar content of 7.194g/100g. Also,desserts (rice cakes and breads), except for Garaetteok, had a high total sugar content with the highest in Glutinousdoughnut and Glutinous rice tteok with red bean paste, which among all the regions analyzed had a maximum totalsugar content of 19.602g/100g from Gyeongsang-do and 30.339g/100g from Seoul respectively.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hip joint mobilization (HJM) on walking ability, balance ability, and the joint range of motion in stroke patients to minimize the problems of the musculoskeletal system in patients with central nervous system diseases. All volunteers were randomly assigned to the HJM group (n1=14) and the general neurodevelopment therapy (NDT) group (n2=16). The HJM procedure involved applying Maitland mobilization techniques (distraction, lateral gliding, inferior gliding, and anterior gliding) by grade 3 to both hip joint. The mobilization process included mobilization and NDT for 15 min/day, 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were evaluated, including the hip joint passive range of motion (ROM) test and femur head anterior glide test (FHAG) using prone figure four test, dynamic and static balance abilities [timed up and go (TUG) test and center of pressure (COP) analysis], and walking ability [10-meter walking test (10MWT) and 6-min walking test (6MWT)]. Both the groups showed significant post-training differences in the hip joint ROM (FHAG and degree of hip extension) and 10MWT. The post-training improvements in the TUG test were significantly greater in patients of the HJM group than in the NDT group; however, there were no post-training improvements in COP in both groups. Patients in the HJM group showed post-training improvement in the 6MWT; however, statistically significant differences were not observed. Patients in the NDT group showed post-training improvements in the 6MWT. These results suggest that HJM improves hip joint ROM, dynamic balance ability, and walking speed in stroke patients. However, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of HJM in stroke patients.

This paper is concerned with the optimal design of recliner chair frame. It is necessary for recliner chair frame that is endurable for the repeated load of human sitting. And this paper studies the selected recliner chair frame that is produced in the regional company. The company has not designed and made this chair by the mechanical engineering review. So the current frame structure and parts in this chair frame are studied and researched to develop the new frame structure with mechanical engineering design concepts. This research reported the investigation of new design of recliner chair frame by stress analysis and the verification of mechanical safety. This result will be adopted to design specification of new recliner chair frame

To estimate weld quality of the resistance spot-welding, the acoustic emission features are investigated from the total acoustic emission signal at the single-spot weld. Typically, the resistance spot welding process consists of several stages: set-down of the electrodes, squeeze, current flow, forging, hold time, and lift-off. Various types of acoustic emission response corresponding to each stage can be separately analyzed by using back-propagation neural network classifier and wavelet transform technique. The presented machine learning results provide a validation for using back-propagation neural network and wavelet transform technique as a valuable insights into the resistance spot-welding process. Especially, a wavelet transform technique is demonstrated and the plots are very powerful in the recognition of the acoustic emission features

范曄曾博采衆長, 將當時的幾家后漢史書改寫爲一家之作, 完成≪后漢 書≫的紀、傳共八十卷。他原有文集十卷, 已散佚, 現存文章有〈獄中與諸 甥姪書〉。范曄謀反下獄, 作書與甥姪輩, 竟大談文章, 亦可見著述一事在 其心目中的位置。本稿就是對范曄≪后漢書≫〈獄中與諸甥姪書〉的文章加 以注釋的。范曄在〈獄中與諸甥姪書〉中發表他對文學的見解。他重視音韻 在詩歌中的運用, 他說: “性别宮商, 識清濁, 斯自然也。” 他認爲通曉音韻 是自己掌握的一件秘寶, 他說: “觀古今文人, 多不全了此處; 縱有會此者, 不必從根本中來。” 他是在陸機之后的又一位强調詩歌聲韻的文論家, 他的 意見促進人們對于文學聲韻和詩歌韻律的探討, 對于后來永明體詩和永明聲 律理論的産生, 起了推動作用。范曄論文章, 應注重思想內容, 不應過分注 重藻飾, 他認爲文章“當以意爲主, 以文傳意。以意爲主, 則其旨必見; 以文 傳意, 則其詞不流。” 范曄對晉宋文學中徒事藻繪的傾向不滿, 批判追逐形 似、以文害意的風氣, 他指出: “文患其事盡於形, 情急於藻, 義牵其旨, 韻移 其意。” 范曄以史家自命, 對文學有所輕視, 自稱“無意于文名”, “恥作文 士”。

This research sought to analyze the characteristics of breast movement at the treadmill activity levels. It also examined the effect of wearing a sports bra in reducing breast displacement. The subjects for the data collection were females in their 20s (n=2) with C-cup size breast. The experimental conditions were three different moving speeds (4 km/h, jogging: 7 km/h, and sprinting: 10 km/h) and two types of sports bras. Three dimensional breast displacement was measured. The displacement of the right nipple point was measured with a 3D motion analyzer. The results show that the breasts were greatly displaced from the walking speed (4 km/h) when subjects did not wear any bra. Whereas their breast displacement distance decreased remarkably when they wore sports bras. The nipple point moved 42~44 mm in the vertical direction at walking speed with naked condition. But it was reduced by 80% after wearing sports bras. When subjects running (7 km/h, 10 km/h) without any bra, the nipple point moved 122~141 mm. However it was reduced by 60~70% when they wore sports bras. The apartment time (time delay) between at the highest point of the upper body and the nipple was 0.25 seconds at the running speeds (7 km/h, 10 km/h) without wearing any bra. After wearing sports bras, the time delay was cut to 0.06~0.12 seconds. These results implies that without wearing any bra the skin surrounding the breasts might be seriously pulled at running activity. The functional sports bra suppress breast movement. It might prevent the sagging of breasts by preventing the damage of the Cooper's ligaments.

복숭아의 저장성 증진을 위하여 46℃의 열풍건조기에서 0~9시간 동안 처리한 후, 저장 기간 중 화학성분들과 항산화활성이 변화하는지를 측정하였다. 복숭아 중 ascorbic acid의 함량은 13.81 ㎎%였으며, 열풍처리군은 11.73~14.16 ㎎%로 대조군과 큰 차이를 보이지 않아, 열풍처리에 의한 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났으며 저장 중 함량 변화에서는 6시간 열풍처리군을 제외하고는 대체적으로 감소하는 경향이었으며, 대조군의 변화가 가장 빠른 것으로 나타났다. Polyphenol 화합물의 함량은 대조군은 22.64 ㎎%였으며, 열풍처리군은 19.03~23.19 ㎎%로 복숭아 저장성 증진을 위한 열풍처리의 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 저장 중의 변화에서는 대조군보다는 열풍처리군에서 약간 높은 함량을 유지하는 경향이었다. Flavonoid 함량에서는 대조군 및 열풍처리군 모두 저장하는 동안 특정한 경향을 보이지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 유리당의 변화에서는 대조군 및 열풍처리군 모두 개체 차이일 뿐 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 저장 중 변화에서도 차이를 보이지는 않는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성의 변화도 대조군과 열풍처리군 모두 차이를 보이지 않았다.

Various treatment system for residuals have applied to save water resources, but most of them were not be satisfied with legal standard consistently. In this study, submerged membrane treatment system was operated to treat water treatment plant residuals and operation parameters was evaluated. Result of this experiment, high concentration organic matters contributed to high increase Transmembrane pressure(TMP) of membrane system(from 0.05 bar to 0.35 bar). And backwash process was effective to stabilize membrane system operation. After Cleaning-In-Place(CIP), permeability was recovered about 100 % from first operation condition. Inorganic matters (Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Mg) were not effective membrane filtration performance. The quality of residual treatment was satisfied with drinking water quality standard and a treated water from that system was suitable for water reuse.

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females (62.5±11.2y) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing,digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

It is essential to decrease energy consumption and excess sludge to economically operate sewage treatment plant. This becomes more important along with a ban on sea dumping and exhaustion of resource. Therefore, many researchers have been study on energy consumption reduction and strategies for minimization of excess sludge production from the activated sludge process. The aeration cost account for a high proportion of maintenance cost because sufficient air is necessary to keep nitrifying bacteria activity of which the oxygen affinity is inferior to that of heterotrophic bacteria. Also, additional costs are incurred to stabilize excess sludge and decrease the volume of sludge. There were anoxic, aerobic, membrane, deairation and concentration zone in this MBR process. Continuous aeration was provided to prevent membrane fouling in membrane zone and intermittent aeration was provided in aerobic zone through ammonia sensor. So, there was the minimum oxygen to remove NH4-N below limited quantity that could be eliminated in membrane zone. As the result of this control, energy consumption of aeration system declined by between 10.4 % and 19.1 %. Besides, we could maintain high MLSS concentration in concentration zone and this induced the microorganisms to be in starved condition. Consequentially, the amount of excess sludge decrease by about 15 %.