Palatal rugae are unique ridges on the roof of the mouth that vary among individuals and remain stable over time. They have been used for personal identification and pattern analysis in various fields. However because different researchers have used different classification systems the results have not always been consistent or reliable. This study aims to propose a new framework that integrates the strengths of existing systems to improve the standardization of palatal rugae analysis. To review previous studies on palatal rugae the keywords “palatal rugae” and “rugae pattern” were used to search databases such as PubMed for articles published up to April 2025. Both English and Korean papers were included if they proposed or applied classification systems for palatal rugae. Seven major classification criteria were reviewed and compared in terms of length, shape, direction, analytical methods, and application purposes. The review found that the criteria used in previous studies were not consistent and the definitions of key terms varied among authors. To address these issues a new guideline was developed by selecting the strengths of each existing system. The proposed framework clarifies the length categories, simplifies the shape classification, and organizes detailed items in a systematic way to reduce ambiguity and improve the consistency of palatal rugae analysis. This study is expected to enhance the standardization of palatal rugae analysis and contribute to future research and clinical applications in various fields.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of decompression followed by enucleation in treating large odontogenic lesions of the mandible and to compare the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics between odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and unicystic ameloblastoma. Case 1 involved an 18-year-old male with a 3.5cm odontogenic keratocyst in the left mandible, treated with decompression followed by enucleation. At 27 months follow-up, no recurrence was observed with favorable bone regeneration. Case 2 involved a 22-year-old male with a 5.5cm cystic lesion in the left mandible, treated with the same staged approach. Final histopathological diagnosis revealed ameloblastoma with cystic space lined by odontogenic epithelium with fibrous connective tissue wall and intraluminal extending tumor showing plexiform pattern. At 37 months follow-up, no recurrence was noted with preservation of adjacent teeth. Decompression followed by enucleation is an effective conservative treatment for large mandibular odontogenic lesions, preserving vital anatomical structures. Although OKC and ameloblastoma share similar clinical and radiographic features, definitive histopathological diagnosis and long-term follow-up are essential.