The static and dynamic hydrophobicities of the water droplets placed on a hydrophobic surface coated using a fluoroalkylsilanes monolayer with different molecular chain lengths were investigated through direct observation of the actual droplet motion during the sliding process. The surface roughness of both was found to be less than 1 nm. The static contact angles of the coated FAS-3 and FAS-17 were respectively 80˚ and 108˚ at 150˚C, 1 h. The slope of sliding acceleration against the water droplet mass exhibited an inflection point, thus suggesting the switching of the dominant sliding mode from slipping to rolling. While their sliding angles were similar in value, notable differences were exhibited in terms of their sliding behavior. This can be understood as being due to the contribution of the shear stress difference at the interface between the solid surface and water during the sliding process. These results show that the sliding acceleration of the water droplets depends strongly on the balance between gravitational and retentive forces on the hydrophobic surface.
Amorphous BaTi4O9 (BT4) film was deposited on Pt/Si substrate by RF magnetron sputter and their dielectric properties and electrical properties are investigated. A cross sectional SEM image and AFM image of the surface of the amorphous BT4 film deposited at room temperature showed the film was grown well on the substrate. The amorphous BT4 film had a large dielectric constant of 32, which is similar to that of the crystalline BT4 film. The leakage current density of the BT4 film was low and a Poole-Frenkel emission was suggested as the leakage current mechanism. A positive quadratic voltage coefficient of capacitance (VCC) was obtained for the BT4 film with a thickness of<70 nm and it could be due to the free carrier relaxation. However, a negative quadratic VCC was obtained for the films with a thickness ≥96nm, possibly due to the dipolar relaxation. The 55 nm-thick BT4 film had a high capacitance density of 5.1fF/μm2 with a low leakage current density of 11.6nA/cm2 at 2 V. Its quadratic and linear VCCs were 244ppm/V2 and -52 ppm/V, respectively, with a low temperature coefficient of capacitance of 961ppm/˚C at 100 kHz. These results confirmed the potential suitability of the amorphous BT4 film for use as a high performance metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor.
To enhance the reliability of a newly designed reciprocating compressor applied in a domesticcompressor, accelerated life tests were developed using new definitions of the sample size and the B1 life index.In 1st accelerated life testing, the compressor was locked due to the fracture of the suction reed valve. Thefailure modes and mechanisms of the suction reed valve in the accelerated tests were found to be similar tothat of the failed product in the field. The root cause of the failure was the overlap between the suction reedvalve and the valve plate in the suction port. The missing parameters in the design phase were modified byexpanding the trespan size, introducing tumbling process, changing the material and thickness for the valve,introducing a ball peening and brushing process for the valve plate. In 2nd accelerated life testing, thecompressor was locked due to the interference between the crank shaft and thrust washer. The corrective planwas to heat treat the crank shaft. The B1 life of the compressor improved from 1.5 to 12.9 years.
Al-42wt%Nb powder was prepared by high-energy mechanical milling(HEMM). The particle size, phase transformation and microstructure of the as-milled powder were investigated by particle size distribution (PSD) analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometery (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The milled powders were heated to a sintering temperature at 1000C with under vaccum with vaccum tube furnace. Microstructural examination of sintered Ti-42wt%Nb alloy using 4h-milled powder showed Ti-rich phases (α-Ti) which are fine and homogeneously distributed in the matrix (Nb-rich phase: β-Ti). The sintered Ti-42wt%Nb alloy with milled powder showed higher hardness. The microstructure of the as quenched specimens fabricated by sintering using mixed and milled powder almost are same, but the hardness of as quenched specimen fabricated by using mixed powder increased due to solution hardening of Nb in Ti matrix. The aging effect of these specimens on microstructural change and hardening is not prominent.
Aluminum was anodized in a H2SO4 solution, and titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) was electrodeposited into nanopores of anodic porous alumina in a mixed solution of TiOSO4 and (COOH)2. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared film was analyzed for photodegradation of methylene blue aqueous solution. Consequently, we found it was possible to electrodeposit TiO2 onto anodic porous alumina, and synthesized it into the nanopores by hydrolysis of a titanium complex ion under AC 8-9 V when film thickness was about 15-20μm. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2-loaded anodic porous alumina (TiO2/Al2O3) at an impressed voltage of 9 V was the highest in every condition, being about 12 times as high as sol-gel TiO2 on anodic porous alumina. The results revealed that anodic porous alumina is effective as a substrate for photocatalytic film and that high-activity TiO2 film can be prepared at low cost.
The tribological properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) filled with two kinds of carbon black filler were examined. Different types of Semi-Reinforcing Furnace (SRF), and High Abrasion Furnace (HAF) blacks were used as filler material to test the influence of carbon black particle size on the friction and wear of NBR. Results from tribological tests using a ball on disk method showed that the smaller HAF particles were more effective for reducing the wear of NBR during frictional sliding. The hardness, elastic modulus at 100% elongation, and elongation at break were measured to examine the correlation between the effects of carbon black on the mechanical and tribological properties of the NBR specimens. The wear tracks of the NBR specimens were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The wear tracks for NBR with different ratios of SRF and HAF showed clearly different abrasion patterns. Mechanisms for the friction and wear behavior of NBR with different sizes of carbon black filler were proposed using evidence from wear track observation, as well as the mechanical and tribological test results.
This study was conducted to beneficiation of magnesite by dry grinding and air classification. The raw ore was ground in a ball mill and pin mill controlled with grinding time and linear velocity of grinding media and fractionated in an air classifier. Pin mill is more efficient than the ball mill for liberation. As a result, the MgO grade of concentrate was 47.1% with recovery of 51.51% for classified with 3,000rpm of air classifier for ground at 13,000rpm in pin mill.
Both photoluminescence and thermal characteristics for SrAl2O4:Eu+2,Dy+3 phosphors synthesizedwith various aluminum compounds (α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3, amorphous-Al2O3 and Al(OH)3) were investigated in thisstudy. The formation temperature of the host SrAl2O4 crystal is changed by these various aluminumcompounds, as a result of the different thermal decomposition temperature of SrCO3 phase. Among thesecompounds, the amorphous-Al2O3 phase shows the lowest formation temperature of the host SrAl2O4 crystal.The PL emission and excitation spectra of SrAl2O4:Eu+2, Dy+3 phosphor are not affected by these aluminumcompounds. After the removal of the Xenon lamp excitation (360nm), however, the excellent long-phosphorescent property of the phosphor is obtained by the amorphous-Al2O3 phase, although the decay timefor all phosphors decrease exponentially.
Chromium nitride (CrN) films were deposited on silicon substrate by RF magnetron sputtering assisted by inductive coupled nitrogen plasma without intentional substrate heating. Films were deposited with different levels of bombarding energy by nitrogen ions (N+) to investigate the influence of substrate bias voltage (Vb) on the growth of CrN thin films. XRD spectra showed that the crystallographic structure of CrN films was strongly affected by substrate bias voltage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that surface roughness and grain size of the CrN films varied significantly with bias voltage. For - 80 Vb depositions, the CrN films showed bigger grain sizes than those of other bias voltage conditions. The lowest surface roughness of 0.15 nm was obtained from the CrN films deposited at .130 Vb.
Porous poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by salt leaching method. The PCL scaffolds were treated with aqueous NaOH for 0h, 2h, 4h, 8h, and 12h at 40˚C. The NaOH-treated PCL scaffolds were dipped in CaCl2 and K2HPO4·3H2O solution alternately three times to induce apatite nuclei onto the surface of the scaffolds. The NaOH-treated PCL scaffolds were immersed into SBF solution for 1day to grow the apatite. The apatite formation were investigated as a fuction of NaOH treatment time. The hydrophilicty and surface area of the PCL scaffolds were increased with NaOH-treatment time. The NaOH-treated PCL scaffolds were successfully formed a dense and uniform bone-like apatite layer after immersion for 1 day in SBF solution.